12 Questions
What major changes occurred in the Philippines in the 19th century that contributed to the emergence of national consciousness?
Increase in international trade and significant socio-economic changes
Which sector of society experienced relative prosperity in the 19th-century Philippines?
Middle-class indios and mestizos engaged in agriculture and trade
How did foreign firms contribute to the economic development of the Philippines in the 19th century?
By engaging in commercial agriculture with improved machines and scientific methods
What effect did opening the ports to international trade have on the Philippines?
Introduction of new technologies and investments
Why did a small group of Filipino indios and mestizos become prominent in their communities in the 19th century?
Through their wealth gained from agriculture and trade
What role did education play in the emergence of the middle class in the 19th-century Philippines?
It allowed children of wealthy individuals to attend good schools in Europe and Manila
Who spearheaded the movement for reforms in the Philippines during the 1860s?
The Filipino clergy
What was one of the main goals of the movement for reforms in the Philippines during the 1860s?
Secularization of the parishes
What led to a flow of liberal ideas into the Philippines during the 1860s?
Opening of the Philippines to world trade
Who took stringent measures to suppress the movement for reforms in the Philippines?
Rafael de Izquierdo
Which event marked a turning point leading to the suppression of the movement for reforms?
Execution of three priests
What influenced Filipinos' perception of governmental reforms in the 1860s?
Experience abroad and information influx from world trade
Explore major historical forces in the 19th century that led to the emergence of national consciousness among Filipinos and their eventual separation from Spain. Dive into the impact of international trade and the opening of the Suez Canal on Philippine society and literature.
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