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What major changes occurred in the Philippines in the 19th century that contributed to the emergence of national consciousness?
What major changes occurred in the Philippines in the 19th century that contributed to the emergence of national consciousness?
Which sector of society experienced relative prosperity in the 19th-century Philippines?
Which sector of society experienced relative prosperity in the 19th-century Philippines?
How did foreign firms contribute to the economic development of the Philippines in the 19th century?
How did foreign firms contribute to the economic development of the Philippines in the 19th century?
What effect did opening the ports to international trade have on the Philippines?
What effect did opening the ports to international trade have on the Philippines?
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Why did a small group of Filipino indios and mestizos become prominent in their communities in the 19th century?
Why did a small group of Filipino indios and mestizos become prominent in their communities in the 19th century?
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What role did education play in the emergence of the middle class in the 19th-century Philippines?
What role did education play in the emergence of the middle class in the 19th-century Philippines?
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Who spearheaded the movement for reforms in the Philippines during the 1860s?
Who spearheaded the movement for reforms in the Philippines during the 1860s?
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What was one of the main goals of the movement for reforms in the Philippines during the 1860s?
What was one of the main goals of the movement for reforms in the Philippines during the 1860s?
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What led to a flow of liberal ideas into the Philippines during the 1860s?
What led to a flow of liberal ideas into the Philippines during the 1860s?
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Who took stringent measures to suppress the movement for reforms in the Philippines?
Who took stringent measures to suppress the movement for reforms in the Philippines?
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Which event marked a turning point leading to the suppression of the movement for reforms?
Which event marked a turning point leading to the suppression of the movement for reforms?
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What influenced Filipinos' perception of governmental reforms in the 1860s?
What influenced Filipinos' perception of governmental reforms in the 1860s?
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