Questions and Answers
What was Gandhi's profession?
Lawyer
What was Gandhi's role in India's independence from British rule?
He led a nonviolent resistance campaign
Where was Gandhi born?
Porbandar
What was the methodology that Gandhi adopted to resist discrimination in South Africa?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the name of the organization that Gandhi helped found in South Africa to fight for civil rights for Indians?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Salt Satyagraha?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Gandhi's vision for an independent India?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Gandhi respond to the Rowlatt Act passed by the British government?
Signup and view all the answers
What led to the partition of India and Pakistan?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the outcome of Gandhi's Kheda agitation in 1918?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist.
- He led the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule through nonviolent resistance.
- Gandhi inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
- He was born in Porbandar, India in 1869 into a Gujarati Hindu family.
- Gandhi spent 21 years in South Africa, where he raised a family and employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights.
- He returned to India in 1915 and assumed leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, leading campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and achieving self-rule.
- Gandhi adopted a simple lifestyle, wearing a short dhoti and living in a self-sufficient residential community.
- He was imprisoned many times and for many years in both South Africa and India.
- Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged by Muslim nationalism in the early 1940s, leading to the partition of India and Pakistan.
- Gandhi was assassinated by a militant Hindu nationalist in Delhi on January 30, 1948.
- Gandhi dropped out of college in Bombay and was advised to study law in London
- He made a vow to his mother to abstain from meat, alcohol, and women to persuade her to let him go
- Gandhi attended University College London and enrolled at Inner Temple to become a barrister
- He joined the London Vegetarian Society and was elected to its executive committee
- Gandhi defended committee member Thomas Allinson's right to differ on the topic of birth control, despite disagreement from president Arnold Hills
- Gandhi was called to the bar in June 1891 but failed to establish a law practice in Bombay
- In 1893, Gandhi accepted a job as a lawyer in South Africa and faced discrimination upon arrival
- He chose to protest and became involved in civil rights activism in South Africa
- Gandhi helped found the Natal Indian Congress and raised volunteers for the Natal Indian Ambulance Corps during the Boer War
- He spent 21 years in South Africa, developing his political views and ethics.
- Gandhi was trained and medically certified to serve on the front lines during the Battle of Colenso and Spion Kop.
- Gandhi adopted the methodology of Satyagraha (devotion to the truth) in 1906 to resist discrimination against Indians and Chinese populations in South Africa.
- Gandhi initially focused on Indians before turning his attention to racism against Africans.
- Gandhi established the Natal Indian Congress and fought for civil rights for Indians in South Africa.
- Gandhi encouraged Indian South Africans to form a volunteer stretcher-bearer unit during the Bambatha Rebellion in 1906.
- Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress.
- Gandhi and the Congress declared the independence of India on 26 January 1930.
- Gandhi demanded immediate independence in 1942 and was imprisoned by the British.
- Gandhi attempted to recruit Indians for the war effort during World War I but stipulated that he personally would not kill or injure anyone.
- Gandhi's major achievements include the Champaran and Kheda agitations in India.
- Gandhi organized a signature campaign and social boycott in Kheda in 1918 to protest against British revenue collection during a famine.
- Gandhi supported the Khilafat movement in 1919 to gain political cooperation from Muslims in his fight against British imperialism.
- The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British government in response to Gandhi's civil disobedience movement.
- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 led to Gandhi's belief that Indians would never get fair treatment under British rule.
- Gandhi expanded his nonviolent non-cooperation platform to include the swadeshi policy and urged Indians to boycott British goods and institutions.
- The appeal of non-cooperation grew and Gandhi was arrested in 1922 and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
- The Indian National Congress split into two factions during Gandhi's imprisonment.
- Gandhi was released in 1924 and continued to pursue swaraj, pushing for dominion status or complete independence for India.
- The Salt Satyagraha, also known as the Salt March, was a major civil disobedience campaign led by Gandhi in 1930.
- India gained independence from British rule in 1947, but was partitioned into India and Pakistan.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
