Hormones Classification Based on Chemical Nature
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hormones?

  • To transport oxygen throughout the body
  • To maintain a constant body temperature
  • To regulate the activity of other tissues (correct)
  • To break down food for energy

    • Which of the following is an example of a peptide or protein hormone?

  • Estrogen
  • Cortisol
  • Insulin (correct)
  • Thyroxine

    • What is the mechanism of action for Group I hormones?

  • They act via intracellular receptors (correct)
  • They act via cell surface receptors and second messengers
  • They act by directly influencing gene expression
  • They act by binding to transport proteins in the bloodstream

    • Which of the following hormones uses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of hormones based on their chemical nature?

    <p>Peptide or protein, steroid, and amino acid derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones uses phosphatidylinositol/calcium as a second messenger?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for Group II hormones?

    <p>They act via cell surface receptors and second messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones uses cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as a second messenger?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hormone receptors?

    <p>To bind to hormones and initiate a cellular response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hormones

    • Chemical messengers released from ductless glands into the bloodstream, regulating the activity of other tissues.

    Classification of Hormones

    • Based on Chemical Nature:
      • Peptide or protein hormones (e.g. insulin, glucagon, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin)
      • Steroid hormones (e.g. glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones)
      • Amino acid derivatives (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3))

    Classification of Hormones

    • Based on Mechanism of Action:

      Group I Hormones

      • Action mediated via intracellular receptors
      • Examples: glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterone, mineralocorticoids, calcitriol, thyroxine

      Group II Hormones

      • Action mediated via cell surface receptors and second messengers
      • Hydrophilic in nature
      • Divided into three categories depending on second messengers:
        • Hormones using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as second messenger
          • Examples: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), parathormone (PTH), adrenaline
        • Hormones using phosphatidylinositol/calcium as second messenger
          • Examples: thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gastrin, chole cystokinin (CCK)
        • Hormones using cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as second messenger
          • Example: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

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    Description

    Learn about the classification of hormones based on their chemical nature, including peptide or protein hormones, steroid hormones, and amino acid derivatives. Explore examples such as insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and thyroxine.

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