Hormones Classification Based on Chemical Nature

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hormones?

  • To transport oxygen throughout the body
  • To maintain a constant body temperature
  • To regulate the activity of other tissues (correct)
  • To break down food for energy

Which of the following is an example of a peptide or protein hormone?

  • Estrogen
  • Cortisol
  • Insulin (correct)
  • Thyroxine

What is the mechanism of action for Group I hormones?

  • They act via intracellular receptors (correct)
  • They act via cell surface receptors and second messengers
  • They act by directly influencing gene expression
  • They act by binding to transport proteins in the bloodstream

Which of the following hormones uses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?

<p>Adrenaline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of hormones based on their chemical nature?

<p>Peptide or protein, steroid, and amino acid derivatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones uses phosphatidylinositol/calcium as a second messenger?

<p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for Group II hormones?

<p>They act via cell surface receptors and second messengers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones uses cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as a second messenger?

<p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormone receptors?

<p>To bind to hormones and initiate a cellular response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Hormones

  • Chemical messengers released from ductless glands into the bloodstream, regulating the activity of other tissues.

Classification of Hormones

  • Based on Chemical Nature:
    • Peptide or protein hormones (e.g. insulin, glucagon, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin)
    • Steroid hormones (e.g. glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones)
    • Amino acid derivatives (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3))

Classification of Hormones

  • Based on Mechanism of Action:

    Group I Hormones

    • Action mediated via intracellular receptors
    • Examples: glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterone, mineralocorticoids, calcitriol, thyroxine

    Group II Hormones

    • Action mediated via cell surface receptors and second messengers
    • Hydrophilic in nature
    • Divided into three categories depending on second messengers:
      • Hormones using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as second messenger
        • Examples: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), parathormone (PTH), adrenaline
      • Hormones using phosphatidylinositol/calcium as second messenger
        • Examples: thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gastrin, chole cystokinin (CCK)
      • Hormones using cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as second messenger
        • Example: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

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