Hormones Classification Based on Chemical Nature
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of hormones according to the text?

  • Chemical substances that regulate the activity of other tissues
  • Chemical messengers released from ductless glands into the bloodstream that regulate the activity of other tissues (correct)
  • Substances released from ductless glands into the bloodstream
  • Messengers that regulate the activity of other tissues
  • Which of the following is not a classification of hormones based on their chemical nature?

  • Peptide or protein hormones
  • Lipid hormones (correct)
  • Steroid hormones
  • Amino acid derivative hormones
  • Which hormone is an example of a peptide or protein hormone?

  • Testosterone
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Insulin (correct)
  • Which hormone is an example of an amino acid derivative hormone?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone action is mediated via intracellular receptors?

    <p>Group I hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second messenger is used by hormones that act via cell surface receptors?

    <p>Phosphatidylinositol/calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone uses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as its second messenger?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone uses cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as its second messenger?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone receptors are located on the cell surface?

    <p>Group II hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Group I and Group II hormones in terms of their mechanism of action?

    <p>Group I hormones have their action mediated via intracellular receptors, while Group II hormones have their action mediated via cell surface receptors and second messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hormone Classification

    • Hormones are chemical messengers released from ductless glands into the bloodstream, regulating the activity of other tissues.

    Classification by Chemical Nature

    • Peptide or protein hormones: insulin, glucagon, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin
    • Steroid hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones
    • Amino acid derivatives: epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)

    Classification by Mechanism of Action

    Group I Hormones

    • Examples: glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterone, mineralocorticoids, calcitriol, thyroxine
    • Action is mediated via intracellular receptors

    Group II Hormones

    • Action is mediated via cell surface receptors and second messengers
    • Hydrophilic in nature
    • Divided into three categories depending on second messengers:
      • Using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as second messenger: ACTH, FSH, LH, PTH, adrenaline
      • Using phosphatidylinositol/calcium as second messenger: TRH, GnRH, gastrin, CCK
      • Using cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as second messenger: ANP

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    Description

    Learn about the classification of hormones based on their chemical nature, including peptide or protein hormones, steroid hormones, and amino acid derivatives. Explore examples of each type of hormone and understand their role as chemical messengers in the body.

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