10 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of peptide or protein hormones?
They are hydrophobic in nature
Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?
Estrogen
Which of the following hormones uses cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as a second messenger?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following statements about Group I hormones is NOT true?
They are hydrophilic in nature
Which of the following categories of Group II hormones uses phosphatidylinositol/calcium as a second messenger?
Hormones using phosphatidylinositol/calcium as second messenger
Which of the following statements about amino acid derivatives is true?
Epinephrine is an example of an amino acid derivative hormone
Which of the following statements about hormone receptors is true?
Some hormone receptors are located on the cell surface, while others are located within the cell
Which of the following hormones uses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?
Adrenaline
Which of the following statements about the classification of hormones based on their mechanism of action is true?
Group II hormones are divided into three categories based on their second messengers
Which of the following hormones is NOT an example of a hormone that uses phosphatidylinositol/calcium as a second messenger?
Parathormone (PTH)
Study Notes
Hormones Definition
- Hormones are chemical messengers released from ductless glands into the bloodstream to regulate the activity of other tissues.
Classification of Hormones
- Based on chemical nature:
- Peptide or protein hormones: examples include insulin, glucagon, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin.
- Steroid hormones: examples include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones.
- Amino acid derivatives: examples include epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3).
Classification Based on Mechanism of Action
Group I Hormones
- Action is mediated via intracellular receptors.
- Examples include glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterone, mineralocorticoids, calcitriol, and thyroxine.
Group II Hormones
- Action is mediated via cell surface receptors and second messengers.
- Hydrophilic in nature.
- Divided into three categories based on second messengers:
- Hormones using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as second messenger:
- Examples include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), parathormone (PTH), and adrenaline.
- Hormones using phosphatidylinositol/calcium as second messenger:
- Examples include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gastrin, and chole cystokinin (CCK).
- Hormones using cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as second messenger:
- Example is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
- Hormones using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as second messenger:
Learn about the different classifications of hormones based on their chemical nature. Explore examples of peptide or protein hormones, steroid hormones, and amino acid derivatives, along with their functions and effects on the body.
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