18 Questions
What does the term 'hormone' mean, based on its Greek origin?
To excite or arouse
How do hormones communicate their effects to target cells?
By specific receptors on target cells
Which hormone is essential in both development and aspects of homeostasis and metabolism?
Thyroid hormone
In controlling blood glucose, which hormones are involved along with insulin?
Glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine
Which of the following is NOT a category of functions performed by hormones?
Digestion and absorption
What aspect of hormones allows them to affect multiple functions within the body?
Their specific chemical structures recognized by receptors
What is the key difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Endocrine glands secrete substances via a ductal system to an epithelial surface.
What defines a paracrine mechanism of chemical signaling?
Chemical communication between neighboring cells within a tissue.
What is the first step in hormone action?
Binding of hormones to specific receptors on target cells.
Which type of signaling involves a chemical acting on the same cell that released it?
Autocrine signaling
What are hormone receptors?
Large proteins with specificity for a single hormone.
Which class of hormones is typically synthesized from cholesterol?
Steroids
What defines classical endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling mechanisms?
Release of hormones directly into the bloodstream to act on distant target tissues.
What is the largest group of hormones based on chemical type?
Polypeptide hormones
Where are the receptors located for lipophilic (Hydrophobic) hormones of Group I?
In the cytosol or nucleus
Which of the following is NOT a class of hormones based on chemical nature?
Group I hormones
Which hormone can pass through the lipophilic plasma membrane to interact with intracellular receptors?
Thyroxine
Which group of hormones is characterized by being large protein molecules with carbohydrate side chains?
Glycoprotein hormones
Test your knowledge on the classification of hormones based on their chemical nature, mechanism of action, nature of action, effects, and stimulation of endocrine glands. Learn about the six main classes including steroid, amines, peptide, protein, glycoprotein, and eicosanoid. Identify and understand polypeptide hormones and glycoprotein hormones within these classifications.
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