Classification of Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'hormone' mean, based on its Greek origin?

  • To protect or defend
  • To energize or stimulate
  • To excite or arouse (correct)
  • To calm or relax

How do hormones communicate their effects to target cells?

  • By direct contact with target cells
  • By interacting with neighboring cells
  • By general diffusion in the bloodstream
  • By specific receptors on target cells (correct)

Which hormone is essential in both development and aspects of homeostasis and metabolism?

  • Cortisol
  • Thyroid hormone (correct)
  • Insulin
  • Glucagon

In controlling blood glucose, which hormones are involved along with insulin?

<p>Glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of functions performed by hormones?

<p>Digestion and absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of hormones allows them to affect multiple functions within the body?

<p>Their specific chemical structures recognized by receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

<p>Endocrine glands secrete substances via a ductal system to an epithelial surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a paracrine mechanism of chemical signaling?

<p>Chemical communication between neighboring cells within a tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in hormone action?

<p>Binding of hormones to specific receptors on target cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signaling involves a chemical acting on the same cell that released it?

<p>Autocrine signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hormone receptors?

<p>Large proteins with specificity for a single hormone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of hormones is typically synthesized from cholesterol?

<p>Steroids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines classical endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling mechanisms?

<p>Release of hormones directly into the bloodstream to act on distant target tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest group of hormones based on chemical type?

<p>Polypeptide hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors located for lipophilic (Hydrophobic) hormones of Group I?

<p>In the cytosol or nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a class of hormones based on chemical nature?

<p>Group I hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone can pass through the lipophilic plasma membrane to interact with intracellular receptors?

<p>Thyroxine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of hormones is characterized by being large protein molecules with carbohydrate side chains?

<p>Glycoprotein hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hormone (origin)

From Greek, hormone means 'to excite or arouse'.

Hormone Communication

Hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a response.

Thyroid Hormone

Thyroid hormone is crucial for development, homeostasis, and metabolism.

Blood Glucose Hormones

Glucagon, growth hormone, and epinephrine work alongside insulin to regulate blood glucose.

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Hormone Functions

Hormones influence growth, metabolism, and reproduction, but not digestion.

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Hormone Specificity

Hormones' chemical structures determine which receptors they bind to, affecting multiple body functions.

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Endocrine vs. Exocrine

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands use ducts.

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Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine signaling involves communication between neighboring cells within a tissue.

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First Step in Action

The first step is binding to specific receptors, which starts a cascade of events.

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Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling involves a cell releasing a chemical that affects itself.

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Hormone Receptors

Hormone receptors are large proteins that bind to specific hormones.

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Steroid Hormones

Steroid hormones are typically synthesized from cholesterol.

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Endocrine Signaling

Classical endocrine/neuroendocrine signaling releases hormones into the bloodstream for distant targets.

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Largest Hormone Group

Polypeptide hormones are the largest group based on chemical type.

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Lipophilic Hormone Receptors

Receptors for lipophilic hormones (Group I) are located in the cytosol or nucleus.

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Hormone Classes

Hormones are classified as steroids, polypeptides, glycoproteins or amino acid derivatives.

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Thyroxine Action

Thyroxine can pass through the plasma membrane to interact with intracellular receptors.

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Glycoprotein Hormones

Glycoprotein hormones are large proteins with carbohydrate side chains.

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