18 Questions
What is the effect of glucocorticoids on lipid metabolism?
Inhibit lipogenesis and favor mobilization of fats
Which hormone is responsible for the growth of the male reproductive tract?
Testosterone
What is the location of the thymus gland?
In the upper part of the chest above the heart
Which hormone is involved in the development of the female reproductive organs?
Estrogens
What is the effect of glucocorticoids on fat distribution?
Favor redistribution of adipose stores to central body regions
What is the role of progesterone in females?
Assists in the normal development of pregnancy
What effect does Growth Hormone (GH) have on fat metabolism?
It stimulates the mobilization and utilization of fats
What is the primary function of Prolactin (PRL) in lactating women?
It initiates and maintains milk secretion from breasts
What is the role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males?
It directly stimulates the sertoli cells in testicular seminiferous tubules
What is the effect of Testosterone on Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secretion?
It inhibits LH secretion
What is the effect of Growth Hormone (GH) on protein metabolism?
It increases protein synthesis
What hormone is suppressed by dopamine (also known as PIH) of hypothalamic origin?
Prolactin (PRL)
What is the primary function of LH in relation to ovarian follicles?
Sustaining the secretion of estrogens
What stimulates the secretion of TSH by the thyrotrophs of the adenohypophysis?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and cold
What is the primary function of TSH?
Maintaining the structural integrity of the thyroid gland and promoting the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones
What inhibits the secretion of ACTH?
Elevated plasma free glucocorticoid (cortisol) levels
What is the primary function of ADH?
Regulating extracellular fluid volume and osmolality
What stimulates the secretion of ADH?
Reduced extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, pain, emotional stress
Study Notes
Lipid Metabolism and Glucocorticoids
- Glucocorticoids inhibit lipogenesis, favoring fat mobilization from adipose tissues.
- In large amounts, they promote redistribution of fat from extremities to central body regions, leading to "moon face" and "buffalo hump" formation.
Sex Glands and Hormones
- Sex glands (ovaries and testes) produce sex cells and hormones essential for sexual characteristic development and reproductive apparatus maintenance.
- Testosterone, produced by male sex glands, promotes:
- Male reproductive tract growth and function
- Male secondary sex characteristics (deep voice, facial hair)
- Estrogens, produced by female sex glands, contribute to:
- Female secondary sex characteristics
- Mammary gland development
- Onset of menstruation and reproductive organ development
- Progesterone, produced by female sex glands, assists in normal pregnancy development.
Thymus Gland
- The thymus gland is located in the upper chest above the heart.
Growth Hormone (GH)
- GH increases protein synthesis and nitrogen retention.
- GH stimulates:
- Lipid mobilization and utilization from adipose tissue
- Hepatic glucose output (gluconeogenesis)
Prolactin (PRL)
- Prolactin secretion is suppressed by dopamine.
- Prolactin:
- Initiates and maintains milk secretion from breasts
- Inhibits gonadotropin effects and may prevent ovulation in lactating women
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- FSH secretion is stimulated by GnRH.
- FSH:
- Directly stimulates spermatogenesis in male testicular seminiferous tubules
- Stimulates follicular growth and development in female ovaries
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- LH secretion is stimulated by GnRH.
- LH:
- Stimulates testosterone production in male testicular interstitial cells
- Promotes maturation of ovarian follicles and estrogen secretion
- Induces ovulation and corpus luteum formation
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- TSH secretion is stimulated by TRH and cold.
- TSH:
- Maintains thyroid gland structural integrity
- Promotes thyroid hormone synthesis and release (T3 and T4)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- ACTH secretion follows a diurnal circadian rhythm with peak production in the early morning.
- ACTH:
- Is inhibited by elevated plasma free glucocorticoid (cortisol) levels
Hormones of the Neurohypophysis
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH; Vasopressin)
- ADH secretion is promoted by:
- Reduced extracellular fluid (ECF) volume
- Pain, emotional stress, and certain pharmacologic agents
- ADH:
- Regulates extracellular fluid volume and osmolality by controlling urine volume and concentration
This quiz covers the role of glucocorticoids in lipid metabolism, their effects on fat distribution, and the endocrine functions of the sex glands. Topics include lipogenesis, adipose tissues, and hormone regulation.
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