Hormones and Lipid Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on lipid metabolism?

Inhibit lipogenesis and favor mobilization of fats (correct)

Stimulate lipogenesis

Have no effect on lipid metabolism

Increase fat deposition in the extremities

Which hormone is responsible for the growth of the male reproductive tract?

Testosterone (correct)

Estrogens

Progesterone

Glucocorticoids

What is the location of the thymus gland?

In the brain

In the pelvic region

In the upper part of the chest above the heart (correct)

In the abdominal cavity

Which hormone is involved in the development of the female reproductive organs?

Estrogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on fat distribution?

Favor redistribution of adipose stores to central body regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of progesterone in females?

Assists in the normal development of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What effect does Growth Hormone (GH) have on fat metabolism?

It stimulates the mobilization and utilization of fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Prolactin (PRL) in lactating women?

It initiates and maintains milk secretion from breasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males?

It directly stimulates the sertoli cells in testicular seminiferous tubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Testosterone on Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secretion?

It inhibits LH secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Growth Hormone (GH) on protein metabolism?

It increases protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is suppressed by dopamine (also known as PIH) of hypothalamic origin?

Prolactin (PRL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of LH in relation to ovarian follicles?

Sustaining the secretion of estrogens Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the secretion of TSH by the thyrotrophs of the adenohypophysis?

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and cold Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TSH?

Maintaining the structural integrity of the thyroid gland and promoting the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits the secretion of ACTH?

Elevated plasma free glucocorticoid (cortisol) levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ADH?

Regulating extracellular fluid volume and osmolality Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the secretion of ADH?

Reduced extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, pain, emotional stress Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lipid Metabolism and Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids inhibit lipogenesis, favoring fat mobilization from adipose tissues.
In large amounts, they promote redistribution of fat from extremities to central body regions, leading to "moon face" and "buffalo hump" formation.

Sex Glands and Hormones

Sex glands (ovaries and testes) produce sex cells and hormones essential for sexual characteristic development and reproductive apparatus maintenance.
Testosterone, produced by male sex glands, promotes:
- Male reproductive tract growth and function
- Male secondary sex characteristics (deep voice, facial hair)
Estrogens, produced by female sex glands, contribute to:
- Female secondary sex characteristics
- Mammary gland development
- Onset of menstruation and reproductive organ development
Progesterone, produced by female sex glands, assists in normal pregnancy development.

Thymus Gland

The thymus gland is located in the upper chest above the heart.

Growth Hormone (GH)

GH increases protein synthesis and nitrogen retention.
GH stimulates:
- Lipid mobilization and utilization from adipose tissue
- Hepatic glucose output (gluconeogenesis)

Prolactin (PRL)

Prolactin secretion is suppressed by dopamine.
Prolactin:
- Initiates and maintains milk secretion from breasts
- Inhibits gonadotropin effects and may prevent ovulation in lactating women

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

FSH secretion is stimulated by GnRH.
FSH:
- Directly stimulates spermatogenesis in male testicular seminiferous tubules
- Stimulates follicular growth and development in female ovaries

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

LH secretion is stimulated by GnRH.
LH:
- Stimulates testosterone production in male testicular interstitial cells
- Promotes maturation of ovarian follicles and estrogen secretion
- Induces ovulation and corpus luteum formation

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

TSH secretion is stimulated by TRH and cold.
TSH:
- Maintains thyroid gland structural integrity
- Promotes thyroid hormone synthesis and release (T3 and T4)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

ACTH secretion follows a diurnal circadian rhythm with peak production in the early morning.
ACTH:
- Is inhibited by elevated plasma free glucocorticoid (cortisol) levels

Hormones of the Neurohypophysis

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH; Vasopressin)

ADH secretion is promoted by:
- Reduced extracellular fluid (ECF) volume
- Pain, emotional stress, and certain pharmacologic agents
ADH:
- Regulates extracellular fluid volume and osmolality by controlling urine volume and concentration

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Description

This quiz covers the role of glucocorticoids in lipid metabolism, their effects on fat distribution, and the endocrine functions of the sex glands. Topics include lipogenesis, adipose tissues, and hormone regulation.