HPG Axis and Hormone Regulation

What is the effect of continuous administration of GnRH on LH and FSH?

Initially increases then decreases LH and FSH
Increases LH and FSH
Decreases LH and FSH (correct)
Has no effect on LH and FSH

What is the purpose of GnRH agonists in the treatment of precocious puberty?

To treat polycystic ovarian syndrome
To suppress puberty (correct)
To stimulate ovulation
To treat endometriosis

Which of the following is NOT a use of HPG axis drugs?

Gender-affirming hormone therapy
Treatment of asthma (correct)
Cancer treatment
Hormone replacement therapy

What is the effect of testosterone on its own production?

Negative feedback (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of estrogen on its own production?

Either negative or positive feedback (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of GnRH agonists in the treatment of endometriosis?

To suppress hormone production (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial effect of short-acting GnRH agonists on FSH and LH?

Increase in FSH and LH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of testosterone replacement therapy?

Erythrocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does excess testosterone decrease sperm production?

Due to the negative feedback on the HPG axis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in the context of androgens?

Treatment of male pattern baldness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of testosterone on the integument?

Sebum production and male hair pattern (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of testosterone agonists in females?

Treatment of female-to-male gender affirmation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of testosterone on metabolism?

Improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of physical contact with someone using transdermal testosterone gel?

Transdermal absorption of testosterone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of using LH and FSH agonists in ovulation induction?

To harvest multiple oocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using GnRH agonist and antagonist in ovulation induction?

To suppress endogenous cycle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is Menotropin used for?

Fertility treatments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible adverse effect of ovarian stimulation?

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is Lutropin?

Recombinant LH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is Follitropin?

Purified from the urine of menopausal women with high FSH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?

Excessive stimulation of the ovaries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of clomiphene?

Infertility due to anovulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of tamoxifen?

Hot flashes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of clomiphene?

Antagonist at estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of tamoxifen on the uterus?

Partial agonist (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of tamoxifen?

Prevention and treatment of ER/PR ⊕ breast cancer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of aromatase inhibitors?

Inhibitor of peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of clomiphene?

Thickening of cervical mucus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

To prepare the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized egg (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on breast tissue?

It promotes lactation during pregnancy and breastfeeding (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of progesterone agonists in HPG axis?

Contraception and prevention of uterine cancer in women with uterus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on HDL levels?

It decreases HDL levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of progesterone on sodium and water retention?

It increases hypertension (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of 17-OH progesterone in pregnancy?

To support pregnancy at high risk of loss (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mifepristone?

It is a progesterone antagonist used in abortion and emergency contraception (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on androgenic symptoms?

It increases androgenic symptoms depending on the individual synthetic drug (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the former category of synthetic progestins in pregnancy?

Category X (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of antiprogestins?

They are competitive inhibitors of progestins at progesterone receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers