Hormones and Blood Pressure Regulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

  • Somatic
  • Parasympathetic
  • Enteric
  • Sympathetic (correct)

    • Where do sympathetic axons become unmyelinated?

  • At the collateral ganglia
  • At the chain ganglia
  • Before the ganglia
  • After reaching the target effector (correct)

    • Which part of the spinal cord gives rise to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

  • Lumbar spine
  • Cervical spine
  • Sacral spine
  • Thoracolumbar system (correct)

    • What is the function of the collateral ganglia in the sympathetic division of the ANS?

    <p>To coordinate digestion and absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamus?

    <p>Influencing emotional states and communicating with the forebrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the amygdala contribute to brain function?

    <p>Influencing memory and emotional response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs enhance the sympathetic response?

    <p>Nicotine, cocaine, and caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the endocrine system?

    <p>Maintaining homeostasis by slow-acting hormones and controlling reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones fall into the category of amino acids?

    <p>Amines, peptides, and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipid soluble hormones in the body?

    <p>They need help from proteins to travel through the cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most used second messenger for amino acid hormones?

    <p>$cAMP$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phosphorylate mean in the context of hormone activation?

    <p>To add a phosphate group to a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the autocrine system function in cellular communication?

    <p>It secretes a chemical to cause an adjustment to itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathomimetic drugs on the sympathetic response?

    <p>Enhancing the sympathetic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do steroid hormones differ from amino acid hormones?

    <p>Amino acid hormones come from cholesterol and lipid-soluble hormones have longer half-lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in cellular response to hormones?

    <p>Deactivating second messengers such as cAMP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the parathyroid hormone (PH)?

    <p>Increases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland produces the hormones aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of melatonin on the body?

    <p>Affects circadian rhythms and body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gonadotropins?

    <p>Inhibit follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones?

    <p>Regulate the body’s metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases sodium levels in the body?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Decreases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as a result of stimulation of the adrenal medulla due to danger or stress?

    <p>Fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does photonic stimulation of the retina affect melatonin secretion?

    <p>Decreases melatonin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as a result of an increase in parathyroid hormone (PH) production as we get older?

    <p>Increased blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of androgen production from the adrenal glands?

    <p>Supplements estrogen production in females after menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do thyroxine (T4) and tryiodothyronine (T3) hormones affect heart rate and blood pressure?

    <p>Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of hydrochloric acid in response to stomach distention?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is produced by the placenta and plays a role in preparing the breasts for lactation?

    <p>Human placental lactogen (hPL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon from the pancreas?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for regulating bone metabolism and making a person feel full after eating?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the heart in response to atrial stretch and inhibits renin secretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for the production of erythropoietin (EPO) in response to low oxygen?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone, produced by the pancreas, decreases blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is involved in the synthesis of progesterone and helps soften pubic symphysis for easier childbirth?

    <p>Relaxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?

    <p>Thrombopoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and regulates bone metabolism?

    <p>Osteocalcin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for the production of cholecalciferol, the inactive form of vitamin D?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone, produced by the placenta, protects the fetus from immune rejection?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?

    <p>The cells decrease the number of receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect describes a hormone enabling another hormone to act?

    <p>Permissive effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Store and secrete hormones produced in the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is commonly known as vasopressin?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates growth during puberty and signals the anterior pituitary to release gonadotropins?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does too much growth hormone (GH) lead to?

    <p>Gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone activates lactation in women and development of mammary glands if pregnant?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates melanin formation in response to UV light?

    <p><strong>Melanin</strong>-releasing hormone (MRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates the activity of which gland?

    <p><strong>Thyroid</strong> gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

    <p>The infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ADH cause the kidneys to do?

    <p>Reabsorb more water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oxytocin come from?

    <p>Posterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a reticulocyte?

    <p>To develop into mature erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do erythrocytes live through anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Because they lack mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hemoglobin in erythrocytes?

    <p>To transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of anemia?

    <p>A shortage of hemoglobin or RBC’s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a change in the shape of erythrocytes and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils among granular leukocytes?

    <p>Attacking bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells among lymphocytes?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of leukopenia?

    <p>Too few leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of leukemia?

    <p>Overproduction of leukocytes that may not be able to mature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte works by intensifying inflammation like mast cells?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of monocytes among leukocytes?

    <p>Turning into macrophages to clean up the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between granular and agranular leukocytes?

    <p>Granular leukocytes last for a shorter duration compared to agranular leukocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of thrombopoietin?

    <p>Increasing platelet production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone can contribute to osteoporosis?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of white blood cells (WBC)?

    <p>Protecting the body from bacteria and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma in blood?

    <p>Transporting oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of albumin, the most common plasma protein?

    <p>Transporting fatty acids and steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis occur?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells differentiate into lymphocytes responsible for immunity from disease?

    <p>Lymphoid stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cytokines responsible for in the body?

    <p>Stimulating resistance to disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythropoietin?

    <p>Enhancing differentiation and production of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fibrinogen?

    <p>Important for clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take to replace blood plasma after donation?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the formed elements that last a few hours to a few weeks?

    <p>Erythrocytes, WBC, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers running to the adrenal medulla have no synapse in a ganglia?

    <p>Long and myelinated fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is referred to as the cranial sacral system?

    <p>Parasympathetic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synapses are activated by acetylcholine?

    <p>Cholinergic synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reflex must synapse in the CNS?

    <p>Long reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are activated by norepinephrine and epinephrine in the adrenergic system?

    <p>Alpha and beta receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters, but is not at the end like in the somatic nervous system?

    <p>Varicosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for BP and HR increasing if a person stands up and changes the altitude of the head?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

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