Hormones and Their Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

  • Activate sweat glands
  • Reduce blood flow to digestive organs (correct)
  • Dilate eyes and bronchioles
  • Increase blood flow to muscles

    • Where does the sympathetic response originate from in the spinal cord?

  • Cervical ganglia
  • Lateral horn
  • Dorsal horn
  • Thoracolumbar system (correct)

    • Which ganglia are associated with the enteric nervous system and digestion?

  • Collateral ganglia (correct)
  • Thoracic chain ganglia
  • Cervical ganglia
  • Lumbar chain ganglia

    • How do sympathetic axons change as they pass through the ganglia?

    <p>They become unmyelinated and longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapse is found in the sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Adrenergic synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are activated by nicotine in the cholinergic system?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters but is not at the end like in the somatic nervous system?

    <p>Varicosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are baroreceptors important for in autonomic reflexes?

    <p>Blood pressure regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which system does a long reflex synapse in the CNS?

    <p>Parasympathetic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs have autonomic tone, meaning one system exerts much more control than the other?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a person experiences orthostatic hypotension?

    <p>Blood pressure and heart rate increase when standing up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system cannot have a short reflex?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if light enters one pupil?

    <p>Both pupils constrict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body experiences referred pain if there's a conscious perception of autonomic pain in an unexpected area?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?

    <p>Cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for stimulating blood cell production in the bone marrow?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, stimulates glycogenesis and is anabolic?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of angiotensinogen produced by the liver?

    <p>An intermediate stimulus to help bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for making a person feel full after eating and regulating bone metabolism?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is secreted by the thymus and helps develop T lymphocytes?

    <p>Thymosins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone protects the fetus from immune rejection and prepares the breasts for lactation?

    <p>(hCG) human chorionic gonadotropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pancreatic polypeptide hormone secreted by PP cells in the pancreas?

    <p>Role in appetite and pancreas secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?

    <p>The heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by the skeleton that inhibits calcitriol and stimulates insulin production?

    <p>Fibroblast growth factor 23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia results from a lack of vitamin B12 or folate?

    <p>Vitamin deficient anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of eosinophils among the granular leukocytes?

    <p>Defense against parasitic worms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons that carries oxygen in erythrocytes?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes are drawn to a chemical?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the shape change and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Genetic change in erythrocyte shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of granular leukocyte known for its quick response against bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of oxygen in blood, measured by a pulse oximeter?

    <p>Percent saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the permissive effect in the context of hormones?

    <p>A hormone enabling another hormone to act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is described as the command center for the endocrine system?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Activates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates thyroid activity?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Signals from osmoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Signals the anterior pituitary to release gonadotropins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of growth hormone (GH) in the body?

    <p>Promotes protein synthesis and tissue building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland connects to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?

    <p>Downregulation happens due to overstimulation of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do osmoreceptors do in relation to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release?

    <p>Send signals to release ADH when blood osmolarity changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of melanin-releasing hormone (MRH)?

    <p>Stimulates melanin formation in melanocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medial forebrain bundle in relation to the hypothalamus?

    <p>It communicates back to the hypothalamus through the amygdala.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cardiovascular center in the medulla?

    <p>Connecting to cardiac accelerator nerves to increase heart output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nicotine affect the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>It fires all preganglionic fibers in both divisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs enhance the sympathetic response?

    <p>Sympathomimetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormones come from lipids?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lipid soluble hormones travel through the cardiovascular system?

    <p>They hitch a ride with proteins since they are hydrophobic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone travels to a hormone receptor on the cell membrane?

    <p>Peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to activate proteins when cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) is involved?

    <p>$5(7 + 3)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does phosphodiesterase (PDE) turn off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)?

    <p>To regulate the cell's response by turning off cAMP if more hormones are not produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an alternate second messenger - calcium ion?

    <p>Activates G protein to activate phospholipase C (PLC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the paracrine system's mode of action?

    <p>It secretes a chemical to affect other nearby cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor to angiotensin for regulating blood pressure?

    <p>Angiotensinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone decreases with aging?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases but can lead to osteoporosis?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pH range of blood?

    <p>7.35 - 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for coagulation and stopping bleeding?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of red blood cells in blood known as?

    <p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does hemopoiesis occur in the body?

    <p>Red marrow in bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is the most common in blood plasma and transports fatty acids and steroid hormones?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the hemocytoblast to divide and differentiate to produce blood cells?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of erythrocytes?

    <p>Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B cells mature?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to immunity and inflammation?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

    <p>Increases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does TSH stimulate tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion?

    <p>By promoting iodine oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Increases sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces and secretes melatonin?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the retina of the eye to inhibit melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?

    <p>Increase in blue light exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Inhibits the inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as light fades away according to the text?

    <p>Promotes drowsiness due to increased melatonin in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of androgens produced by the adrenal glands?

    <p>Supplement estrogen production in females after menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Inhibits bone cell breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

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