Hormones and Their Effects Quiz

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What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Activate sweat glands

Reduce blood flow to digestive organs (correct)

Dilate eyes and bronchioles

Increase blood flow to muscles

Where does the sympathetic response originate from in the spinal cord?

Cervical ganglia

Lateral horn

Dorsal horn

Thoracolumbar system (correct)

Which ganglia are associated with the enteric nervous system and digestion?

Collateral ganglia (correct)

Thoracic chain ganglia

Cervical ganglia

Lumbar chain ganglia

How do sympathetic axons change as they pass through the ganglia?

They become unmyelinated and longer Signup and view all the answers

What type of synapse is found in the sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal medulla?

Adrenergic synapse Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

CN III Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are activated by nicotine in the cholinergic system?

Nicotinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters but is not at the end like in the somatic nervous system?

Varicosity Signup and view all the answers

What are baroreceptors important for in autonomic reflexes?

Blood pressure regulation Signup and view all the answers

In which system does a long reflex synapse in the CNS?

Parasympathetic system Signup and view all the answers

Which organs have autonomic tone, meaning one system exerts much more control than the other?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a person experiences orthostatic hypotension?

Blood pressure and heart rate increase when standing up Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system cannot have a short reflex?

Somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What happens if light enters one pupil?

Both pupils constrict Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body experiences referred pain if there's a conscious perception of autonomic pain in an unexpected area?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?

Cholecystokinin Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for stimulating blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, stimulates glycogenesis and is anabolic?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of angiotensinogen produced by the liver?

An intermediate stimulus to help bone growth Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for making a person feel full after eating and regulating bone metabolism?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted by the thymus and helps develop T lymphocytes?

Thymosins Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone protects the fetus from immune rejection and prepares the breasts for lactation?

(hCG) human chorionic gonadotropin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pancreatic polypeptide hormone secreted by PP cells in the pancreas?

Role in appetite and pancreas secretions. Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?

The heart Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by the skeleton that inhibits calcitriol and stimulates insulin production?

Fibroblast growth factor 23 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia results from a lack of vitamin B12 or folate?

Vitamin deficient anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of eosinophils among the granular leukocytes?

Defense against parasitic worms Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons that carries oxygen in erythrocytes?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which leukocytes are drawn to a chemical?

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

What causes the shape change and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in sickle cell anemia?

Genetic change in erythrocyte shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of granular leukocyte known for its quick response against bacteria?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of oxygen in blood, measured by a pulse oximeter?

Percent saturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the permissive effect in the context of hormones?

A hormone enabling another hormone to act Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is described as the command center for the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?

Activates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates thyroid activity?

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary?

Signals from osmoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus?

Signals the anterior pituitary to release gonadotropins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of growth hormone (GH) in the body?

Promotes protein synthesis and tissue building Signup and view all the answers

Which gland connects to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?

Downregulation happens due to overstimulation of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What do osmoreceptors do in relation to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release?

Send signals to release ADH when blood osmolarity changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of melanin-releasing hormone (MRH)?

Stimulates melanin formation in melanocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the medial forebrain bundle in relation to the hypothalamus?

It communicates back to the hypothalamus through the amygdala. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cardiovascular center in the medulla?

Connecting to cardiac accelerator nerves to increase heart output Signup and view all the answers

How does nicotine affect the autonomic nervous system?

It fires all preganglionic fibers in both divisions. Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs enhance the sympathetic response?

Sympathomimetic drugs Signup and view all the answers

What type of hormones come from lipids?

Steroids Signup and view all the answers

How do lipid soluble hormones travel through the cardiovascular system?

They hitch a ride with proteins since they are hydrophobic. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone travels to a hormone receptor on the cell membrane?

Peptides Signup and view all the answers

What happens to activate proteins when cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) is involved?

$5(7 + 3)$ Signup and view all the answers

Why does phosphodiesterase (PDE) turn off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)?

To regulate the cell's response by turning off cAMP if more hormones are not produced. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an alternate second messenger - calcium ion?

Activates G protein to activate phospholipase C (PLC). Signup and view all the answers

What is the paracrine system's mode of action?

It secretes a chemical to affect other nearby cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor to angiotensin for regulating blood pressure?

Angiotensinogen Signup and view all the answers

What hormone decreases with aging?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases but can lead to osteoporosis?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of blood?

7.35 - 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for coagulation and stopping bleeding?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of red blood cells in blood known as?

Hematocrit Signup and view all the answers

Where does hemopoiesis occur in the body?

Red marrow in bones Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is the most common in blood plasma and transports fatty acids and steroid hormones?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What causes the hemocytoblast to divide and differentiate to produce blood cells?

Cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythrocytes?

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells mature?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to immunity and inflammation?

Cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

Increases blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

How does TSH stimulate tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion?

By promoting iodine oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Increases sodium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces and secretes melatonin?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the retina of the eye to inhibit melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?

Increase in blue light exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex?

Inhibits the inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

What happens as light fades away according to the text?

Promotes drowsiness due to increased melatonin in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of androgens produced by the adrenal glands?

Supplement estrogen production in females after menopause Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

Inhibits bone cell breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Hormones and Their Effects Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Where does the sympathetic response originate from in the spinal cord?

Which ganglia are associated with the enteric nervous system and digestion?

How do sympathetic axons change as they pass through the ganglia?

What type of synapse is found in the sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal medulla?

Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

Which receptors are activated by nicotine in the cholinergic system?

What is the term used to refer to an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters but is not at the end like in the somatic nervous system?

What are baroreceptors important for in autonomic reflexes?

In which system does a long reflex synapse in the CNS?

Which organs have autonomic tone, meaning one system exerts much more control than the other?

What happens if a person experiences orthostatic hypotension?

Which nervous system cannot have a short reflex?

What happens if light enters one pupil?

Which part of the body experiences referred pain if there's a conscious perception of autonomic pain in an unexpected area?

What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?

Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?

What hormone is responsible for stimulating blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, stimulates glycogenesis and is anabolic?

What is the role of angiotensinogen produced by the liver?

Which hormone is responsible for making a person feel full after eating and regulating bone metabolism?

What hormone is secreted by the thymus and helps develop T lymphocytes?

Which hormone protects the fetus from immune rejection and prepares the breasts for lactation?

What is the function of pancreatic polypeptide hormone secreted by PP cells in the pancreas?

Which organ produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?

What hormone is produced by the skeleton that inhibits calcitriol and stimulates insulin production?

Which type of anemia results from a lack of vitamin B12 or folate?

What is the main function of eosinophils among the granular leukocytes?

What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons that carries oxygen in erythrocytes?

What is the process by which leukocytes are drawn to a chemical?

What causes the shape change and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in sickle cell anemia?

What is the most common type of granular leukocyte known for its quick response against bacteria?

What is the term for the percentage of oxygen in blood, measured by a pulse oximeter?

What is the permissive effect in the context of hormones?

Which gland is described as the command center for the endocrine system?

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

What is the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?

Which hormone regulates thyroid activity?

What causes the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary?

What is the main function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus?

What is the role of growth hormone (GH) in the body?

Which gland connects to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum?

What happens when a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?

What do osmoreceptors do in relation to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release?

What is the main function of melanin-releasing hormone (MRH)?

What is the function of the medial forebrain bundle in relation to the hypothalamus?

Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?

What is the role of the cardiovascular center in the medulla?

How does nicotine affect the autonomic nervous system?

Which drugs enhance the sympathetic response?

What type of hormones come from lipids?

How do lipid soluble hormones travel through the cardiovascular system?

Which type of hormone travels to a hormone receptor on the cell membrane?

What happens to activate proteins when cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) is involved?

Why does phosphodiesterase (PDE) turn off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)?

What is the function of an alternate second messenger - calcium ion?

What is the paracrine system's mode of action?

What is the precursor to angiotensin for regulating blood pressure?

What hormone decreases with aging?

Which hormone increases but can lead to osteoporosis?

What is the normal pH range of blood?

What is responsible for coagulation and stopping bleeding?

What is the percentage of red blood cells in blood known as?

Where does hemopoiesis occur in the body?

Which protein is the most common in blood plasma and transports fatty acids and steroid hormones?

What causes the hemocytoblast to divide and differentiate to produce blood cells?

What is the main function of erythrocytes?

Where do B cells mature?

What contributes to immunity and inflammation?

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

How does TSH stimulate tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion?

What is the main role of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces and secretes melatonin?

What stimulates the retina of the eye to inhibit melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?

What is the main effect of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex?

What happens as light fades away according to the text?

What is the role of androgens produced by the adrenal glands?