Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
- Activate sweat glands
- Reduce blood flow to digestive organs (correct)
- Dilate eyes and bronchioles
- Increase blood flow to muscles
Where does the sympathetic response originate from in the spinal cord?
Where does the sympathetic response originate from in the spinal cord?
- Cervical ganglia
- Lateral horn
- Dorsal horn
- Thoracolumbar system (correct)
Which ganglia are associated with the enteric nervous system and digestion?
Which ganglia are associated with the enteric nervous system and digestion?
- Collateral ganglia (correct)
- Thoracic chain ganglia
- Cervical ganglia
- Lumbar chain ganglia
How do sympathetic axons change as they pass through the ganglia?
How do sympathetic axons change as they pass through the ganglia?
What type of synapse is found in the sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal medulla?
What type of synapse is found in the sympathetic fibers running to the adrenal medulla?
Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?
Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?
Which receptors are activated by nicotine in the cholinergic system?
Which receptors are activated by nicotine in the cholinergic system?
What is the term used to refer to an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters but is not at the end like in the somatic nervous system?
What is the term used to refer to an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters but is not at the end like in the somatic nervous system?
What are baroreceptors important for in autonomic reflexes?
What are baroreceptors important for in autonomic reflexes?
In which system does a long reflex synapse in the CNS?
In which system does a long reflex synapse in the CNS?
Which organs have autonomic tone, meaning one system exerts much more control than the other?
Which organs have autonomic tone, meaning one system exerts much more control than the other?
What happens if a person experiences orthostatic hypotension?
What happens if a person experiences orthostatic hypotension?
Which nervous system cannot have a short reflex?
Which nervous system cannot have a short reflex?
What happens if light enters one pupil?
What happens if light enters one pupil?
Which part of the body experiences referred pain if there's a conscious perception of autonomic pain in an unexpected area?
Which part of the body experiences referred pain if there's a conscious perception of autonomic pain in an unexpected area?
What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?
What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?
Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?
Which hormone stimulates the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chime and inhibits hydrochloric acid production?
What hormone is responsible for stimulating blood cell production in the bone marrow?
What hormone is responsible for stimulating blood cell production in the bone marrow?
Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, stimulates glycogenesis and is anabolic?
Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, stimulates glycogenesis and is anabolic?
What is the role of angiotensinogen produced by the liver?
What is the role of angiotensinogen produced by the liver?
Which hormone is responsible for making a person feel full after eating and regulating bone metabolism?
Which hormone is responsible for making a person feel full after eating and regulating bone metabolism?
What hormone is secreted by the thymus and helps develop T lymphocytes?
What hormone is secreted by the thymus and helps develop T lymphocytes?
Which hormone protects the fetus from immune rejection and prepares the breasts for lactation?
Which hormone protects the fetus from immune rejection and prepares the breasts for lactation?
What is the function of pancreatic polypeptide hormone secreted by PP cells in the pancreas?
What is the function of pancreatic polypeptide hormone secreted by PP cells in the pancreas?
Which organ produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?
Which organ produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?
What hormone is produced by the skeleton that inhibits calcitriol and stimulates insulin production?
What hormone is produced by the skeleton that inhibits calcitriol and stimulates insulin production?
Which type of anemia results from a lack of vitamin B12 or folate?
Which type of anemia results from a lack of vitamin B12 or folate?
What is the main function of eosinophils among the granular leukocytes?
What is the main function of eosinophils among the granular leukocytes?
What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons that carries oxygen in erythrocytes?
What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons that carries oxygen in erythrocytes?
What is the process by which leukocytes are drawn to a chemical?
What is the process by which leukocytes are drawn to a chemical?
What causes the shape change and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in sickle cell anemia?
What causes the shape change and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in sickle cell anemia?
What is the most common type of granular leukocyte known for its quick response against bacteria?
What is the most common type of granular leukocyte known for its quick response against bacteria?
What is the term for the percentage of oxygen in blood, measured by a pulse oximeter?
What is the term for the percentage of oxygen in blood, measured by a pulse oximeter?
What is the permissive effect in the context of hormones?
What is the permissive effect in the context of hormones?
Which gland is described as the command center for the endocrine system?
Which gland is described as the command center for the endocrine system?
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
What is the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?
What is the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?
Which hormone regulates thyroid activity?
Which hormone regulates thyroid activity?
What causes the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary?
What causes the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary?
What is the main function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus?
What is the main function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus?
What is the role of growth hormone (GH) in the body?
What is the role of growth hormone (GH) in the body?
Which gland connects to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum?
Which gland connects to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum?
What happens when a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?
What happens when a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?
What do osmoreceptors do in relation to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release?
What do osmoreceptors do in relation to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release?
What is the main function of melanin-releasing hormone (MRH)?
What is the main function of melanin-releasing hormone (MRH)?
What is the function of the medial forebrain bundle in relation to the hypothalamus?
What is the function of the medial forebrain bundle in relation to the hypothalamus?
Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?
Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?
What is the role of the cardiovascular center in the medulla?
What is the role of the cardiovascular center in the medulla?
How does nicotine affect the autonomic nervous system?
How does nicotine affect the autonomic nervous system?
Which drugs enhance the sympathetic response?
Which drugs enhance the sympathetic response?
What type of hormones come from lipids?
What type of hormones come from lipids?
How do lipid soluble hormones travel through the cardiovascular system?
How do lipid soluble hormones travel through the cardiovascular system?
Which type of hormone travels to a hormone receptor on the cell membrane?
Which type of hormone travels to a hormone receptor on the cell membrane?
What happens to activate proteins when cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) is involved?
What happens to activate proteins when cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) is involved?
Why does phosphodiesterase (PDE) turn off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)?
Why does phosphodiesterase (PDE) turn off cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP)?
What is the function of an alternate second messenger - calcium ion?
What is the function of an alternate second messenger - calcium ion?
What is the paracrine system's mode of action?
What is the paracrine system's mode of action?
What is the precursor to angiotensin for regulating blood pressure?
What is the precursor to angiotensin for regulating blood pressure?
What hormone decreases with aging?
What hormone decreases with aging?
Which hormone increases but can lead to osteoporosis?
Which hormone increases but can lead to osteoporosis?
What is the normal pH range of blood?
What is the normal pH range of blood?
What is responsible for coagulation and stopping bleeding?
What is responsible for coagulation and stopping bleeding?
What is the percentage of red blood cells in blood known as?
What is the percentage of red blood cells in blood known as?
Where does hemopoiesis occur in the body?
Where does hemopoiesis occur in the body?
Which protein is the most common in blood plasma and transports fatty acids and steroid hormones?
Which protein is the most common in blood plasma and transports fatty acids and steroid hormones?
What causes the hemocytoblast to divide and differentiate to produce blood cells?
What causes the hemocytoblast to divide and differentiate to produce blood cells?
What is the main function of erythrocytes?
What is the main function of erythrocytes?
Where do B cells mature?
Where do B cells mature?
What contributes to immunity and inflammation?
What contributes to immunity and inflammation?
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
How does TSH stimulate tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion?
How does TSH stimulate tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secretion?
What is the main role of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?
What is the main role of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex?
Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces and secretes melatonin?
Which gland is posterior to the hypothalamus and produces and secretes melatonin?
What stimulates the retina of the eye to inhibit melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?
What stimulates the retina of the eye to inhibit melatonin secretion from the pineal gland?
What is the main effect of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex?
What is the main effect of cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex?
What happens as light fades away according to the text?
What happens as light fades away according to the text?
What is the role of androgens produced by the adrenal glands?
What is the role of androgens produced by the adrenal glands?
What is the main action of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
What is the main action of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
