40 Questions
What is the primary goal of treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Resolve acute episodes and prolong remission
Which of the following medications is used for active and chronic symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Thiopurines
What is the mechanism of action of Corticosteroids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Inhibition of inflammatory pathways
Which of the following Aminosalicylates is a prodrug of 5-ASA?
Balsalazide
What is a potential side effect of Aminosalicylates?
All of the above
Which of the following medications is used for active and chronic symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease refractory to corticosteroids?
Cyclosporin
What is a caution for the use of Aminosalicylates?
All of the above
What is a side effect of Corticosteroids?
All of the above
What is the primary location of G cells?
Pyloric atrium
What is the function of somatostatin?
Inhibit the production of acid in the stomach
What is the main function of Enterochromaffin cells?
Stimulate enteric nerves to initiate secretion and propulsive motility
What is the purpose of the Gastric Mucosal Barrier?
Protect the epithelium of the stomach and duodenum from harsh acid conditions
What is the condition characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
What stimulates the secretion of gastrin?
All of the above
What is the fate of serotonin in the blood?
It is rapidly destroyed in the liver
What is the stimulus that most potently releases serotonin from Enterochromaffin cells?
Mucosal stroking
What is the mechanism of action of Misoprostol in reducing gastric acid secretion?
It stimulates prostaglandin E1 receptors on parietal cells in the stomach
What is the primary indication for the use of Pirenzepine?
Adjunct therapy for peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
What is the unique requirement for the activation of Sucralfate?
An acid pH environment
Which of the following is a common side effect of Misoprostol?
Diarrhea
What is the effect of Pirenzepine on gastric acid secretion?
Decreases gastric acid secretion
What is the primary advantage of using Sucralfate over H2 receptor blockers?
Increased efficacy in healing gastric ulcers
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Misoprostol in women?
Childbearing years without reliable birth control
What is the mechanism of action of Chelated Bismuth in protecting the ulcer crater?
It forms a barrier on the ulcer site, allowing for healing
What is the mechanism of action of bulk agents?
Trigger reflex contraction of the intestinal wall
What is the primary mechanism of action for Lactulose?
Osmotic force
What is a common side effect of infliximab?
Infusion reactions
What is the effect of enteral loss of water and salts on potassium levels?
Hypokalemia
What is a major side effect of steroid use?
Renal impairment
What is the primary action of lubricant laxatives like Docusate sodium?
Softens the consistency of the stool
What is the primary goal of bridging therapy?
To spare steroid use
What is the effect of repeated use of laxatives on the colon?
It increases the interval needed to refill the colon
What is the mechanism of action of Bisacodyl?
It irritates the GI mucosa
What is the most common cause of constipation in laxative abuse?
Overuse of laxatives
What is the effect of Laxative abuse on peristalsis?
It decreases peristalsis
What is the mechanism of action of osmotic laxatives?
Draw water into the intestine
What is the primary action of Polyethylene glycol?
It increases osmotic force
What is the purpose of monitoring blood pressure in patients taking steroids?
To monitor for hypertension
What is the effect of Senna on the bowel?
It increases intestinal motility
What is the increased risk of infection with infliximab use?
Reactivation of TB
Identify and understand the functions of different hormone-producing cells found in the gastrointestinal tract, including G cells, delta cells, and their effects on digestion and gut activity.
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