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Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone on the kidneys?
What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone on the kidneys?
- Stimulates the micturition reflex
- Decreases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
- Increases glomerular filtration rate
- Increases permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts (correct)
Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating the balance of sodium and potassium in the blood plasma?
Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating the balance of sodium and potassium in the blood plasma?
- Parathyroid hormone
- Antidiuretic hormone
- Natriuretic peptides
- Aldosterone (correct)
What is the composition of approximately 90% of the cations in extracellular fluids?
What is the composition of approximately 90% of the cations in extracellular fluids?
- Sodium ions (correct)
- Calcium ions
- Potassium ions
- Magnesium ions
What is the effect of natriuretic peptides on water reabsorption in the kidneys?
What is the effect of natriuretic peptides on water reabsorption in the kidneys?
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone in maintaining electrolyte balance?
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone in maintaining electrolyte balance?
What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining blood plasma composition?
What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining blood plasma composition?
Which of the following stimulates the thirst center in the hypothalamus?
Which of the following stimulates the thirst center in the hypothalamus?
What happens to urine volume when there is minimal water loss?
What happens to urine volume when there is minimal water loss?
What is the role of the kidneys in regulating electrolyte balance in the body?
What is the role of the kidneys in regulating electrolyte balance in the body?
What is the term for the process by which the kidneys regulate water balance in the body?
What is the term for the process by which the kidneys regulate water balance in the body?
What is the effect of calcitonin on blood Ca+2 concentration?
What is the effect of calcitonin on blood Ca+2 concentration?
What is the primary cause of acidosis in the blood?
What is the primary cause of acidosis in the blood?
What is the characteristic of inflamed glomeruli in glomerulonephritis?
What is the characteristic of inflamed glomeruli in glomerulonephritis?
What is the normal pH range of healthy arterial blood?
What is the normal pH range of healthy arterial blood?
What is the term for the inflammation of the renal pelvis and nephrons?
What is the term for the inflammation of the renal pelvis and nephrons?
What is the primary function of tubular secretion in the nephron?
What is the primary function of tubular secretion in the nephron?
In the ascending limb of the nephron loop, what is the primary mechanism of solute reabsorption?
In the ascending limb of the nephron loop, what is the primary mechanism of solute reabsorption?
What is the result of the accumulation of sodium and chloride ions in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?
What is the result of the accumulation of sodium and chloride ions in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?
What is the primary function of aldosterone in the distal convoluted tubule?
What is the primary function of aldosterone in the distal convoluted tubule?
What is the result of the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions in the ascending limb of the nephron loop?
What is the result of the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions in the ascending limb of the nephron loop?
What is the primary function of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidney?
What is the primary function of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidney?
What is the typical pH range of healthy urine?
What is the typical pH range of healthy urine?
Which structure in the urinary tract prevents the backflow of urine into the ureter?
Which structure in the urinary tract prevents the backflow of urine into the ureter?
What is the typical volume of urine produced by a healthy adult per day?
What is the typical volume of urine produced by a healthy adult per day?
What is the term for the triangular area with three openings in the urinary bladder?
What is the term for the triangular area with three openings in the urinary bladder?
What is the primary mechanism by which 65% of tubular fluid is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?
What is the primary mechanism by which 65% of tubular fluid is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Which ions are passively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Which ions are passively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?
What is the primary mechanism by which water balance is maintained in body fluids?
What is the primary mechanism by which water balance is maintained in body fluids?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
What is the term for the sudden contraction of the urinary bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter, resulting in the evacuation of urine?
What is the term for the sudden contraction of the urinary bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter, resulting in the evacuation of urine?
What is the primary cause of excessive production of urine in diabetes insipidus?
What is the primary cause of excessive production of urine in diabetes insipidus?
What is the composition of kidney stones that cause painful symptoms when moving through a ureter?
What is the composition of kidney stones that cause painful symptoms when moving through a ureter?
What is the consequence of inadequate tubular reabsorption of water in the kidneys?
What is the consequence of inadequate tubular reabsorption of water in the kidneys?
What is the term for the cessation of urine production in renal failure?
What is the term for the cessation of urine production in renal failure?
What is the primary function of hemodialysis in renal failure?
What is the primary function of hemodialysis in renal failure?
What is the term for the toxic condition caused by excessive nitrogenous wastes in the blood?
What is the term for the toxic condition caused by excessive nitrogenous wastes in the blood?
What is the primary cause of inflammation of the urethra?
What is the primary cause of inflammation of the urethra?
What is the alternative to surgery for treating kidney stones?
What is the alternative to surgery for treating kidney stones?
What is the term for the reduction in urine production and failure to maintain healthy body fluid volume and composition?
What is the term for the reduction in urine production and failure to maintain healthy body fluid volume and composition?
What is the primary cause of painful symptoms when kidney stones move through a ureter?
What is the primary cause of painful symptoms when kidney stones move through a ureter?
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