Biology Chapter 35: The Endocrine System

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What is the composition of nonsteroid hormones?

Water

Fatty acids

Amino acids (correct)

Glucose

What happens when a nonsteroid hormone binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane?

The hormone stays on the surface of the plasma membrane

The hormone diffuses into the cell nucleus

The hormone is destroyed

An enzyme inside the membrane is activated (correct)

What is the purpose of negative feedback in the body?

To regulate heart rate

To maintain homeostasis (correct)

To stimulate muscle growth

To increase body temperature

What happens to blood calcium levels when parathyroid glands produce more hormone?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

To control other endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endocrine system?

To secrete hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for controlling blood clotting, nerve function, and muscle contraction?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of thyroxine in the body?

To increase the metabolic rate of body cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the parathyroid glands sense low blood calcium levels?

They secrete more parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in the body?

To control the release of hormones from other endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of calcitonin signaling bones to absorb more calcium?

A decrease in blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pituitary gland located in the body?

At the base of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine system in the human body?

To maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of hormones based on their structure and function?

Steroid and nonsteroid (amino acid) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?

They diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the endocrine system in the fight or flight response?

It participates in the release of stress hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which hormones regulate bodily functions?

Hormonal feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate effect of steroid hormones on target cells?

They initiate protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

To convert glucose into glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What happens when blood glucose levels are low?

The pancreas secretes glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the body?

To aid in sodium reabsorption in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the adrenal glands to stress?

A sudden burst of energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on the liver?

It breaks down glycogen into glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cortisol in the body?

To raise blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the adrenal glands?

To increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the body?

To produce antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the level of water in the blood drops too low?

The hypothalamus releases more antidiuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone on the kidneys?

To increase the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus serves as a link between the nervous and endocrine systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of oxytocin production during childbirth?

Stimulation of uterine contractions during childbirth Signup and view all the answers