Hormonal and Behavioral Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What hormonal effect results in a temporary change in behavior in adult animals?

  • Chronic effect
  • Activational effect (correct)
  • Acute effect
  • Persistent effect

    • Which enzyme is responsible for converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

  • Aromatase
  • 5α-reductase (correct)
  • Testosterone synthase
  • 5α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

    • Which hormone is primarily secreted by the ovary and is classified as estrogen?

  • Estradiol (correct)
  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone
  • Corticosterone

    • What is acute flaccid myelitis characterized by?

    <p>Sudden weakness or paralysis in limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of α-fetoprotein in rodents regarding estrogens?

    <p>It binds estrogens and prevents their brain entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fiber is referred to as Aδ fibers?

    <p>Large, myelinated fibers transmitting acute pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effect does adaptation refer to in biological terms?

    <p>Loss of receptor sensitivity due to continuous stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adenosine as a neuromodulator?

    <p>Decrease neural activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cochlea?

    <p>To contain receptor cells for hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does conduction deafness primarily involve?

    <p>Pathology of the external or middle ear cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the speed at which an action potential is propagated along an axon?

    <p>Conduction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of cochlear implants?

    <p>To stimulate the cochlea's auditory receptors directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cortical deafness' refer to?

    <p>A hearing impairment caused by damage to the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'cocktail party effect'?

    <p>The ability to focus on one conversation amidst background noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is described as the inability to feel pain from birth?

    <p>Congenital insensitivity to pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

    <p>A genetic condition leading to adrenal androgen overexposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by fluent, meaningless speech and poor language comprehension?

    <p>Wernicke’s aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are activated by G proteins when a ligand binds to their extracellular surface?

    <p>G protein-coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

    <p>Acting on ovarian follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the junction of the temporal and occipital lobes in the brain known to be involved?

    <p>Recognition of faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of paralysis is described as a loss of all movement and reflexes below the level of spinal cord transection?

    <p>Flaccid paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the anterior division of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres and thalamus?

    <p>Forebrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is referred to as a gamete?

    <p>A sex cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is GABA commonly known as?

    <p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)?

    <p>To exploit water diffusion for imaging axonal fiber tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a dimer?

    <p>Two proteins that have bound together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines dementia?

    <p>Complete cognitive failure, including memory and orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes differentiation in a population?

    <p>A shift in a characteristic favored by selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive synaptic inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'discordant' refer to in genetics?

    <p>Traits that are exclusively seen in one twin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dihydrotestosterone (DHT) primarily responsible for in mammals?

    <p>Masculinizing the external genitalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dishabituation refer to?

    <p>The restoration of response amplitude following habituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'glutamatergic' refer to?

    <p>Cells that utilize glutamate as their synaptic transmitter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process converts glycogen back into glucose?

    <p>Glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glymphatic system in the brain?

    <p>To participate in the removal of wastes and movement of nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gene expression?

    <p>The process by which a cell transcribes a particular gene and makes the protein it encodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Goldman equation predict?

    <p>The potential difference across a membrane based on ion concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

    <p>To separate molecules by size or charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of iodine deficiency?

    <p>Goiter, or swelling of the thyroid gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of gas neurotransmitters?

    <p>They are soluble gases that alter neuron function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hormonal and Behavioral Effects

    • Activational effect: Temporary behavioral changes due to hormone administration in adult animals.
    • Corticosteroids: Stress hormones such as cortisol influence energy regulation and immunological responses.

    Medical and Biological Terms

    • Acupuncture: Involves inserting needles to relieve pain or alter behavior.
    • Acute flaccid myelitis: A sudden paralysis with decreased reflexes in limbs.
    • 5α-reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), pivotal for male external genitalia development.
    • Congenital conditions: Such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and congenital hypothyroidism result from hormonal imbalances during fetal development.

    Neurological Functions

    • Aδ fibers: Myelinated axons that rapidly transmit acute pain signals.
    • Cochlear implant: Device that stimulates cochlear nerves to restore hearing by bypassing damaged parts of the ear.
    • Dendrite: Extensions receiving synaptic inputs, critical for neuron communication.
    • Flaccid paralysis: Complete loss of movement and reflexes below the injury site in spinal cord.

    Sensory Perception

    • Cocktail party effect: Enhanced attention in noisy environments to focus on a desired conversation.
    • Conduction deafness: Hearing impairment due to issues in external or middle ear structures.

    Genetic and Molecular Biology

    • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, essential for genetic information storage and protein coding.
    • Gene expression: Process converting genetic code into functional proteins.
    • Genetic polymorphisms: The presence of multiple alleles at a genetic locus, contributing to diversity within a population.

    Neurotransmitters and Neural Activity

    • Adenosine: Neuromodulator that reduces neural activity, with caffeine acting as an antagonist.
    • GABA: Inhibitory neurotransmitter significant for regulating nervous system excitability.
    • Glutamate: Major excitatory neurotransmitter important for synaptic plasticity and memory.

    Cognitive and Psychological Concepts

    • Delusion: Strongly held false belief against contrary evidence.
    • Dementia: Severe cognitive decline impacting memory and orientation.
    • Dissociative thinking: Common in schizophrenia, marked by disturbances in thought coherence.

    Neural Structures and Functions

    • Forebrain: Anterior brain division including the cerebral hemispheres and thalamus, integral for complex behaviors.
    • Ganglion cells: Retina cells generating visual signals sent through the optic nerve.
    • Cortical column: Organizational structure in the neocortex contributing to sensory processing.

    Health and Nutrition

    • Glycogen: Storage form of glucose, converted back to glucose (glycogenolysis) when needed.
    • Digestion: Breakdown of food for energy and nutrient absorption, crucial for overall health.

    Experimental Techniques

    • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI): MRI technique that visualizes axonal fiber pathways by tracking water movement.
    • Gel electrophoresis: Separates molecules based on size or charge, commonly used in genetic research.

    Overall Context

    • Understanding these terms is vital for comprehending advanced concepts in psychology, neuroscience, and medical sciences, forming a foundation for further study in these disciplines.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the activational effects of hormones and their role in behavior and medical conditions. This quiz covers key terms and concepts related to hormonal influences on health, neurological functions, and treatments like acupuncture and cochlear implants.

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