Questions and Answers
What hormonal effect results in a temporary change in behavior in adult animals?
Which enzyme is responsible for converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?
Which hormone is primarily secreted by the ovary and is classified as estrogen?
What is acute flaccid myelitis characterized by?
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What is the role of α-fetoprotein in rodents regarding estrogens?
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Which type of fiber is referred to as Aδ fibers?
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What type of effect does adaptation refer to in biological terms?
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What is the primary function of adenosine as a neuromodulator?
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What is the primary function of the cochlea?
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What does conduction deafness primarily involve?
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Which term describes the speed at which an action potential is propagated along an axon?
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Which of the following is a function of cochlear implants?
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What does 'cortical deafness' refer to?
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What is meant by the 'cocktail party effect'?
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What condition is described as the inability to feel pain from birth?
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Which of the following describes congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
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What condition is characterized by fluent, meaningless speech and poor language comprehension?
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Which type of receptors are activated by G proteins when a ligand binds to their extracellular surface?
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What is the primary function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
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Where is the junction of the temporal and occipital lobes in the brain known to be involved?
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What type of paralysis is described as a loss of all movement and reflexes below the level of spinal cord transection?
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What term refers to the anterior division of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres and thalamus?
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Which type of cell is referred to as a gamete?
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What is GABA commonly known as?
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What is the primary purpose of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)?
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What distinguishes a dimer?
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What defines dementia?
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What characterizes differentiation in a population?
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What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
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What does the term 'discordant' refer to in genetics?
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What is dihydrotestosterone (DHT) primarily responsible for in mammals?
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What does dishabituation refer to?
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What does the term 'glutamatergic' refer to?
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Which process converts glycogen back into glucose?
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What is the function of the glymphatic system in the brain?
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What is gene expression?
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What does the Goldman equation predict?
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What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
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What is a common result of iodine deficiency?
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What is a characteristic of gas neurotransmitters?
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Study Notes
Hormonal and Behavioral Effects
- Activational effect: Temporary behavioral changes due to hormone administration in adult animals.
- Corticosteroids: Stress hormones such as cortisol influence energy regulation and immunological responses.
Medical and Biological Terms
- Acupuncture: Involves inserting needles to relieve pain or alter behavior.
- Acute flaccid myelitis: A sudden paralysis with decreased reflexes in limbs.
- 5α-reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), pivotal for male external genitalia development.
- Congenital conditions: Such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and congenital hypothyroidism result from hormonal imbalances during fetal development.
Neurological Functions
- Aδ fibers: Myelinated axons that rapidly transmit acute pain signals.
- Cochlear implant: Device that stimulates cochlear nerves to restore hearing by bypassing damaged parts of the ear.
- Dendrite: Extensions receiving synaptic inputs, critical for neuron communication.
- Flaccid paralysis: Complete loss of movement and reflexes below the injury site in spinal cord.
Sensory Perception
- Cocktail party effect: Enhanced attention in noisy environments to focus on a desired conversation.
- Conduction deafness: Hearing impairment due to issues in external or middle ear structures.
Genetic and Molecular Biology
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, essential for genetic information storage and protein coding.
- Gene expression: Process converting genetic code into functional proteins.
- Genetic polymorphisms: The presence of multiple alleles at a genetic locus, contributing to diversity within a population.
Neurotransmitters and Neural Activity
- Adenosine: Neuromodulator that reduces neural activity, with caffeine acting as an antagonist.
- GABA: Inhibitory neurotransmitter significant for regulating nervous system excitability.
- Glutamate: Major excitatory neurotransmitter important for synaptic plasticity and memory.
Cognitive and Psychological Concepts
- Delusion: Strongly held false belief against contrary evidence.
- Dementia: Severe cognitive decline impacting memory and orientation.
- Dissociative thinking: Common in schizophrenia, marked by disturbances in thought coherence.
Neural Structures and Functions
- Forebrain: Anterior brain division including the cerebral hemispheres and thalamus, integral for complex behaviors.
- Ganglion cells: Retina cells generating visual signals sent through the optic nerve.
- Cortical column: Organizational structure in the neocortex contributing to sensory processing.
Health and Nutrition
- Glycogen: Storage form of glucose, converted back to glucose (glycogenolysis) when needed.
- Digestion: Breakdown of food for energy and nutrient absorption, crucial for overall health.
Experimental Techniques
- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI): MRI technique that visualizes axonal fiber pathways by tracking water movement.
- Gel electrophoresis: Separates molecules based on size or charge, commonly used in genetic research.
Overall Context
- Understanding these terms is vital for comprehending advanced concepts in psychology, neuroscience, and medical sciences, forming a foundation for further study in these disciplines.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the activational effects of hormones and their role in behavior and medical conditions. This quiz covers key terms and concepts related to hormonal influences on health, neurological functions, and treatments like acupuncture and cochlear implants.
