Homology vs Analogy in Evolutionary Biology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between analogous and homologous traits?

  • Their structure but not their development
  • Their development but not their structure
  • Their function but not their evolutionary origin
  • Their evolutionary origin but not their function (correct)

    • What is the purpose of reconstructing a phylogenetic tree?

  • To compare the developmental biology of organisms
  • To determine the evolutionary relationships between organisms (correct)
  • To study the fossil record
  • To analyze the structure of organisms

    • What is a clade?

  • A group of organisms with similar physical traits
  • A group of organisms with similar evolutionary rates
  • A group of organisms with a common ancestor (correct)
  • A group of organisms with similar developmental pathways

    • What is the difference between a monophyletic and a polyphyletic group?

    <p>A monophyletic group has a single origin, while a polyphyletic group has multiple origins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a synapomorphy?

    <p>A shared derived trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cladogram?

    <p>To illustrate the evolutionary history of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a paraphyletic group?

    <p>A group that includes a common ancestor but not all of its descendants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a phylogeny and a cladogram?

    <p>A phylogeny is a graphical representation of evolutionary relationships, while a cladogram is a branch diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of mutation spreading through a population?

    <p>Trait bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of the Biological Species Concept?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Morphological Species Concept?

    <p>Structural features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isolation occurs when individuals have different courtship behaviors?

    <p>Behavioral isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hybrid infertility?

    <p>Sterile or weak offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Ecological Species Concept?

    <p>Ecological niches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isolation occurs when individuals are ready to mate at different times?

    <p>Temporal isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reduced hybrid viability?

    <p>Hybrid offspring that don't develop or survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a species complex?

    <p>Unclear boundaries between species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of gametic isolation?

    <p>Differences in receptor molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the sterility of second-generation hybrids in hybrid breakdown?

    <p>Incompatibility between the genomes of the two parent species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of allopatric speciation?

    <p>A physical barrier divides the population, leading to reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the evolution of many diverse adapted species from a common ancestor?

    <p>Adaptive radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reinforcement in allopatric speciation?

    <p>To favor assortative mating and reduce hybrid offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fusion in allopatric speciation?

    <p>The fusion of the two species back into one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a species becomes reproductively isolated due to polyploidy?

    <p>Autopolyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force driving plant speciation according to the text?

    <p>Allopolyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increased fitness of hybrid offspring?

    <p>Hybrid vigor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what percentage of plant species has autopolyploidy led to the formation of new species?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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