Biology Chapter on Evolutionary Classification

Questions and Answers

Which best describes derived characteristics?

They appear at the end of each branch.

They are newly evolved traits. (correct)

They stem from primary characteristics.

They appear in all the ancestors.

If two organisms are in the same clade, what can you predict about their relationship?

They are not closely related.

They share a common ancestor. (correct)

They compete for resources.

One organism evolved into the other organism.

What is the implication of a changing hypothesis?

It is not acceptable because science never changes.

It is acceptable because data are still being collected. (correct)

It is not acceptable because the correct answer needs to be found.

It is acceptable because everything in science should always change.

Which describes the modern classification system?

Based on evolutionary relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Who is correct about the diagram being a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram?

Both are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes traditional classification?

It is based on shared characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

In a cladogram, what occurs at a node?

A derived trait appears. Signup and view all the answers

According to the tree, which primates share the most recent common ancestor with humans?

Bonobos and chimpanzees Signup and view all the answers

Phylogenetic trees are also called _________

cladograms Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms has the derived characteristics of true tissues, bilateral symmetry, and a pseudocoelom?

Roundworms Signup and view all the answers

According to the cladogram, which organisms are in the smallest clade with birds?

Crocodiles Signup and view all the answers

Which species is most closely related to the original moth species based on genetic differences?

Species B Signup and view all the answers

Which additional piece of information will be most helpful to properly build Julia's phylogenetic tree?

The platypus lays eggs like a reptile. Signup and view all the answers

To which modern animal is Dr. Digger's creature most closely related based on anatomical similarities?

Sea turtle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Derived Characteristics

Derived characteristics refer to newly evolved traits unique to certain groups or clades.

Clades and Common Ancestors

Organisms within the same clade share a common ancestor, indicating a closer evolutionary relationship.

Classification of Protists

Protists are diverse eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.
The classification of protists is continuously evolving, reflecting ongoing data collection and research.

Modern Classification System

The modern classification system is based on evolutionary relationships, contrasting with older methods based on morphology.

Phylogenetic Trees and Cladograms

Phylogenetic trees can also be referred to as cladograms, representing evolutionary pathways.
Both phylogenetic trees and cladograms can accurately depict the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Traditional Classification

Traditional classification relies on shared characteristics instead of strictly evolutionary relationships.

Nodes in Cladograms

Nodes on cladograms indicate where a derived trait appears, marking points of evolutionary divergence.

Common Ancestry of Primates

In phylogenetic trees of Old World primates, bonobos and chimpanzees share the most recent common ancestor with humans.

Derived Characteristics in Organisms

Roundworms exhibit derived characteristics such as true tissues, bilateral symmetry, and a pseudocoelom.

Clades Containing Birds

According to cladograms, crocodiles belong to the smallest clade that includes birds.

Genetic Differences and Relatedness

In assessing genetic differences among moth species, species B, with 3 genetic differences, is the most closely related to the original species.

Building Phylogenetic Trees

Understanding that the duckbilled platypus lays eggs like reptiles is crucial for categorizing animals correctly on a phylogenetic tree.

Fossil Discoveries and Modern Relatives

Dr. Digger's fossil, resembling a one-meter long creature with flippers and a beak-like mouth, is most closely related to modern sea turtles based on anatomical similarities.

Description

This quiz covers the concepts of derived characteristics, clades, and the classification of protists in the context of evolutionary biology. Explore the differences between modern and traditional classification systems, and learn about phylogenetic trees and cladograms as tools for understanding evolutionary relationships among organisms.