Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following botanicals is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation?
Which of the following botanicals is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation?
What is the primary action of Burdock in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of Burdock in botanical medicine?
Which of the following botanicals is known for its ability to increase vascularization of connective tissue and the formation of structural glycosaminoglycans?
Which of the following botanicals is known for its ability to increase vascularization of connective tissue and the formation of structural glycosaminoglycans?
What is the main active constituent responsible for the astringent and anti-hemorrhagic properties of Plantain?
What is the main active constituent responsible for the astringent and anti-hemorrhagic properties of Plantain?
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Which of the following botanicals is commonly used in first aid kits for skin-healing needs?
Which of the following botanicals is commonly used in first aid kits for skin-healing needs?
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What is the main reason why German Chamomile is contraindicated in certain individuals?
What is the main reason why German Chamomile is contraindicated in certain individuals?
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Which of the following remedies is specifically indicated for Whooping Cough?
Which of the following remedies is specifically indicated for Whooping Cough?
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What is the main effect of pH on drug absorption?
What is the main effect of pH on drug absorption?
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Which of the following remedies is known for its antispasmodic properties?
Which of the following remedies is known for its antispasmodic properties?
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What is the characteristic of the skin in a Graphites patient?
What is the characteristic of the skin in a Graphites patient?
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Which of the following remedies is known for its ability to treat depression and loathing of life?
Which of the following remedies is known for its ability to treat depression and loathing of life?
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What is the main affinity of Rhus toxicodendron?
What is the main affinity of Rhus toxicodendron?
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What is the primary step in the botanical treatment strategy for the topical treatment of skin inflammation and irritation?
What is the primary step in the botanical treatment strategy for the topical treatment of skin inflammation and irritation?
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What type of herbal action is most beneficial for reducing itching associated with dermatitis?
What type of herbal action is most beneficial for reducing itching associated with dermatitis?
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Which herb is particularly effective in treating local skin problems, including rash, eczema, and psoriasis?
Which herb is particularly effective in treating local skin problems, including rash, eczema, and psoriasis?
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What is the primary role of astringent herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
What is the primary role of astringent herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
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What is the primary goal of using antimicrobial herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
What is the primary goal of using antimicrobial herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
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Which of the following herbs is not typically used for topical application in the treatment of dermatitis?
Which of the following herbs is not typically used for topical application in the treatment of dermatitis?
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What is the primary role of emollient herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
What is the primary role of emollient herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
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What is the primary goal of using lymphatic herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
What is the primary goal of using lymphatic herbs in the treatment of dermatitis?
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What is the characteristic of Penicillin's antimicrobial spectrum?
What is the characteristic of Penicillin's antimicrobial spectrum?
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What is the target of Penicillin?
What is the target of Penicillin?
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What is the dosage of Penicillin for patients weighing more than 27 kg?
What is the dosage of Penicillin for patients weighing more than 27 kg?
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What is a common adverse effect of Penicillin?
What is a common adverse effect of Penicillin?
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Why is it important to know the antimicrobial spectrum of antibiotics?
Why is it important to know the antimicrobial spectrum of antibiotics?
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What is the mechanism of antibiotic resistance related to?
What is the mechanism of antibiotic resistance related to?
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What determines the dosage of an antibiotic?
What determines the dosage of an antibiotic?
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What is the importance of understanding antibiotic resistance?
What is the importance of understanding antibiotic resistance?
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What is the goal of antibiotic therapy?
What is the goal of antibiotic therapy?
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What is the primary goal of antibiotic stewardship?
What is the primary goal of antibiotic stewardship?
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Which of the following mechanisms leads to antibiotic resistance?
Which of the following mechanisms leads to antibiotic resistance?
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What is the main difference between the main classes of antibiotics?
What is the main difference between the main classes of antibiotics?
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What is a common adverse effect of antibiotic use?
What is a common adverse effect of antibiotic use?
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Which antibiotic would be contraindicated in a patient with a penicillin allergy?
Which antibiotic would be contraindicated in a patient with a penicillin allergy?
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What is the primary concern with Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter?
What is the primary concern with Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter?
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What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy in patients with Group A strep infection?
What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy in patients with Group A strep infection?
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What is a common factor that contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance?
What is a common factor that contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance?
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What is the primary action of Baptisia tinctoria in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of Baptisia tinctoria in botanical medicine?
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What is the main constituent of Zingiber officinale responsible for its anti-viral effects?
What is the main constituent of Zingiber officinale responsible for its anti-viral effects?
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What is the recommended dosage of Wild Indigo decoction in botanical medicine?
What is the recommended dosage of Wild Indigo decoction in botanical medicine?
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What is the main pharmacological effect of polysaccharides and glycoproteins in Wild Indigo?
What is the main pharmacological effect of polysaccharides and glycoproteins in Wild Indigo?
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What is the contraindication for the use of Wild Indigo in botanical medicine?
What is the contraindication for the use of Wild Indigo in botanical medicine?
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What is the main pharmacological effect of oleoresins in Ginger?
What is the main pharmacological effect of oleoresins in Ginger?
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What is the primary principle of clean needle technique in acupuncture?
What is the primary principle of clean needle technique in acupuncture?
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What is the consequence of a needle stick injury in acupuncture?
What is the consequence of a needle stick injury in acupuncture?
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What is the primary goal of tonifying methods in acupuncture?
What is the primary goal of tonifying methods in acupuncture?
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What is the primary principle of high dependence and low avoidance in TCM?
What is the primary principle of high dependence and low avoidance in TCM?
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What is the primary cause of abnormal sensations during acupuncture?
What is the primary cause of abnormal sensations during acupuncture?
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What is the primary goal of moving Qi in acupuncture?
What is the primary goal of moving Qi in acupuncture?
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What is the primary action of Eleutherococcus in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of Eleutherococcus in botanical medicine?
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What is the primary use of Elderflower in botanical medicine?
What is the primary use of Elderflower in botanical medicine?
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What is the primary action of English Ivy Leaf in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of English Ivy Leaf in botanical medicine?
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What is the primary concern when using Licorice in botanical medicine?
What is the primary concern when using Licorice in botanical medicine?
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What is the primary indication for using Eleutherococcus in botanical medicine?
What is the primary indication for using Eleutherococcus in botanical medicine?
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What is the primary action of Elderflower in relation to cells?
What is the primary action of Elderflower in relation to cells?
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What is the primary action of English Ivy Leaf in relation to cough?
What is the primary action of English Ivy Leaf in relation to cough?
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What is the primary action of Licorice in relation to the liver?
What is the primary action of Licorice in relation to the liver?
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What is the primary action of Barberry in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of Barberry in botanical medicine?
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Which of the following botanicals is commonly used in combination with Zingiber officinale for nausea of deficient stomach?
Which of the following botanicals is commonly used in combination with Zingiber officinale for nausea of deficient stomach?
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What is the primary action of Coptis in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of Coptis in botanical medicine?
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Which of the following botanicals is indicated for chronic skin conditions, constipation, and convalescence?
Which of the following botanicals is indicated for chronic skin conditions, constipation, and convalescence?
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What is the primary action of Red Clover in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of Red Clover in botanical medicine?
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Which of the following botanicals is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation?
Which of the following botanicals is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation?
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What is the primary action of Calendula in relation to wound healing?
What is the primary action of Calendula in relation to wound healing?
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Which of the following botanicals has antimicrobial, lymphatic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, anti-hemorrhagic, emollient, and vulnerary properties?
Which of the following botanicals has antimicrobial, lymphatic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, anti-hemorrhagic, emollient, and vulnerary properties?
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What is the primary indication for using Gotu Kola in botanical medicine?
What is the primary indication for using Gotu Kola in botanical medicine?
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Which of the following botanicals is commonly used to stimulate drainage of enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes?
Which of the following botanicals is commonly used to stimulate drainage of enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes?
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What is the primary action of Burdock in botanical medicine?
What is the primary action of Burdock in botanical medicine?
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Which of the following botanicals has anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, nervine sedative, emollient, and antimicrobial properties?
Which of the following botanicals has anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, nervine sedative, emollient, and antimicrobial properties?
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What is the primary symptom of Lung Qi deficiency?
What is the primary symptom of Lung Qi deficiency?
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Which of the following is a cause of Lung Yin deficiency?
Which of the following is a cause of Lung Yin deficiency?
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What is the primary tongue characteristic of Lung cold?
What is the primary tongue characteristic of Lung cold?
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Which of the following is a symptom of Phlegm heat obstruction?
Which of the following is a symptom of Phlegm heat obstruction?
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What is the primary pulse characteristic of Phlegm damp retention?
What is the primary pulse characteristic of Phlegm damp retention?
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What is the primary symptom of invasion by wind-water?
What is the primary symptom of invasion by wind-water?
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What is the primary cause of Cold phlegm in the lungs?
What is the primary cause of Cold phlegm in the lungs?
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What is the primary treatment goal for Dry phlegm in the lungs?
What is the primary treatment goal for Dry phlegm in the lungs?
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Study Notes
Cardio System
- Fevers: acute, appear and disappear suddenly
- Mind: lively, fits/tantrums, hide from hallucinations during fevers/nightmares, wild expression, dilated pupils, glassy eyes when sick
Gelsemium Sempervirens
- Gradual onset of complaints
- Muscular weakness
- Muscle aches, soreness, pain, heaviness
- Thirstless
- Dizzy, drowsy (flu, mono)
- Modalities:
- Better: open air, closing eyes, bending forward
- Worse: heat, damp weather, before thunder, from bad news or excitement
- Mental symptoms:
- Stage fright/exam funk
- Timid in public
- Act bravely or bold to fight inner fear
Materia Medica
- Symptoms strongly associated with trends and features frequently seen in a remedy
- Can include characteristic symptoms and affinities of a remedy or be common
- Usually accented with CAPITAL LETTERS, bold letters, italics, or color
URTI Remedies
- Spongia tosta - roasted sponge
- Barking seal cough, like a saw, sibilant (SHHH or SSSS)
- Spasmodic/short cough (hoarseness, asthmatic, won't stop)
- Suffocation sensation (throat constricted, raw, or sore)
- Dry airways
- Glands/cervical nodes inflamed
- Weak sensation in chest
- Heart pains/palpitations, valvular insufficiencies
- Blood circulation problems
- Worse: before midnight, dry cold wind, cold drinks, heat
- Better: eating, drinking, warm things, resting
- Mind: fear, wakes at night startled, sensitive, alternating moods, anxiety about heart disease/suffocation
- Drosera rotundifolia - common sundew
- #1 remedy for whooping cough
- Respiratory illness (Laryngitis, bronchitis, tuberculosis)
- Tormenting cough (short and ringing cough)
- Paroxysms (attacks/fits) that follow one another quickly
- Holding the chest to cough
- Hot face, cold hands
- Inability to cough due to pain
- Worse: in the evening and after midnight-2am, lying down, after drinking, exertion, singing, smoking, measles, heat, talking, laughing
- Better: walking, open air, pressure, sitting up
- Mind: suspicious of others, easily angered, restless, fears being alone
- Rumex crispus - yellow dock
- Dry, tickling cough
- Cough ends with sneeze
- Cough in temperature changes
- Skin itch in cool air (or sensitive to cold air)
- Copious discharge from mucosa of nose, eyes, resp tract
- Worse: cold air (inhale, laugh, talking), touch/pressure on throat, temp changes, motion, morning, before 11pm
- Better: drinking, sucking on candy
- Mind: nervous in evening/night, restless, sad/depressed, aversion to mental work, fear of misfortune
- Ipecacuanha - ipecac
- Persistent nausea/vomiting
- Spasmodic irritation in chest/stomach (vagus n.)
- Shortness of breath
- Gastric disturbances (nausea)
- Bright red hemorrhage (rapidly clotting)
- Fevers/infections (from epilepsy, whooping cough, indigestion, menstruation)
- Vomiting with sensation as if all bones in body are being torn to pieces
- Violent, spasmodic, suffocating cough (at 7pm) which brings on vomiting or nausea
- Thirstless
- Vomiting before or during menses, large clots, miscarriage, labor, pregnancy/placenta issues
- Worse: warmth/damp warmth, overeating (rich foods), heat and cold, vomiting, motion, lying down
- Better: open air, rest, pressure, closing eyes, cough better with cold drinks, rest
- Mind: irritable, contempt for everything when irritated, impatient, anxiety during fever/coughing, many desires but can't express them (hard to please), intolerant to noise, tranquil after anger, anorexia and hypochondria with epigastric tension/constipation
Derm Remedies
- Urtica Urens - Dwarf nettle
- Itching, burning, stinging skin
- Burns/scalds
- Insect bites/stings
- Allergic rxn after shellfish
- Disturbances in lactation (swelling, burning)
- Rheumatism (RA) and Uric acid diathesis (gout, kidney stones)
- Worse: cold bathing, cold/damp air, snow, touch
- Better: /
- Mind: /
- Apis mellifica - mellifera
- Swelling/edema
- Stinging, burning pains, hives w puffy swelling
- Insect bites, puncture wounds, splinters
- Anaphylaxis
- No/low thirst
- Worse: night, heat, touch, right side
- Better: cold applications, cold water
- Mind: rapidly developing complaints, passionate, busy (like a bee), restless, awkward/clumsy, irritable, jealous/grief, fear of birds, indifference/apathy, weepy
- Rhus toxicodendron
- Affinities - skin, mucous membranes, fibroid tissue (joints, tendons), aponeurosis
- Stiffness and pain
- RA
- Itchy, red skin (chicken pox, herpes, psoriasis, urticaria, cellulitis)
- Worse: at rest (stiff, restless), initial movement, cold damp
- Better: heat, hot bath, stretching, continuous motion
- Mind: busy, restless, dreams of travel, work, superstitious or ritualistic behavior
- Sulfur
- Itchy, red orifices
- Dry skin, warts, blisters, dry nails
- Slouches, hot in bed (uncovers feet)
- Unkempt appearance
- Cat-nap sleepy
- Eating at night
- More thirsty than hungry (not hungry in morning)
- Worse: pain from standing, heat, weather changes, baths, morning (diarrhea), night, left side
- Better: dry weather, motion, lying on right side
- Mind: opinionated, critical, independent, nervous, quick-tempered, argues ideas, speculates, high confidence / full of themselves, hard to get up in morning, fear of heights, anxiety/guilt
- Graphites
- Thick, Rough skin, scars, eruptions (at bends of skin), cracks/fissures, infections (fungal), keloids
- Oozing sticky honey-like discharge
- Eczema, psoriasis, herpes
- Affinity for skin (folds), digestive organs, eyes
- Tendency toward obesity, chilliness, constipation
- Stomach disorders, pain worse with milk/eating
- Constipation, chronic during/before menses
- Anemia (pale mucosa, red face)
- Menstrual issues, menopause
- Photophobia, blepharitis
- Alopecia at vertex or sides of head
- Better: in dark, wrapped up
- Worse: warmth, night, after menstruation
- Mind: dull, slow, timid, reserved, changeable, easily startled, indecisive insecure, easily offended, fidgety, fear of something bad happening
Joint Pain Remedies
- Bryonia alba (white bryony)
- Bryonia toxicity - glycosides have cytotoxic effect -> intense dryness of mucous membrane, respiratory and digestive mucosa
- Affinity for serous membranes and tendons, ligaments, CT
- Good for inflammation, dryness, exudation, joint pain and muscle stiffness
- "Stitching" pain - averse to being examined or moved
- Thirst for lots of water (extreme thirst)
- Doesn't want to move
- Large, hard stools
- Better: rest, strong pressure, lying on painful side, sweating
- Worse: any motion, heat (except local)
- Mind: irritability, wants to be left alone, busy thoughts
- Rhus tox
- Joint/tendon/muscle ailments with stiffness and pain
- Skin (last week)
- Blood and mucous membranes, glands, nerves (sciatic)
- Aversion to alcohol, meat, oysters, soup
- Desire for milk, beer, cold drinks, oysters, sweets, tonics
- Red triangular tip of tongue
- Better: continued motion, heat, warm drinks and food, milk rubbing, change of position, lying on hard surface
- Worse: wet, cold air, washing, draft when wet/sweaty, beginning motion
Antibiotic Stewardship
- Antibiotic stewardship is essential to prevent antibiotic resistance.
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
- Bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics through various mechanisms.
- Antibiotic resistance can lead to urgent threats, concerning threats, and watch list threats.
Classification of Antibiotics
- Antibiotics can be classified into three main categories based on their antimicrobial spectrum:
- Narrow: Active against a single species or limited group of pathogens.
- Broad: Active against a wide range of pathogens.
- Extended: In between narrow and broad spectrum.
Antibiotic Examples
- Penicillin V:
- Narrow spectrum antibiotic.
- Oral suspension.
- Adverse effects: GI upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash.
- Rare cases: can cause anaphylaxis.
- Target: Group A streptococcus pharyngitis.
- Dosage: > 27 kg: 300 mg TID or 600 mg BID for 10 days.
Antibiotic Resistance Threats
- Urgent threats:
- Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter.
- C.auris.
- C.difficile.
- CRE.
- N.gonorrhoeae.
- Concerning threats:
- Erythromycin-resistant group A Streptococcus.
- Clindamycin-resistant group B Streptococcus.
- Watch list:
- Azole-resistant A. fumigatus.
- Drug-resistant M. genitalium.
- Drug-resistant B. pertussis.
Botanical Medicine
Wild Indigo
- Latin name: Baptisia tinctoria
- Family: Fabaceae
- Part used: Root
- Actions: Lymphatic, anti-microbial, immune-stimulant, anti-catarrhal
- Constituents: Polysaccharides, glycoproteins, quinolizidine alkaloids, isoflavones, flavonoids
- Pharmacology: Stimulates immune system, increases WBCs, improves endogenous defense mechanisms
- Indications: Acute infections with excessive mucus production, e.g., laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis
- Dosage: Decoction, tincture, or dried herb
- Adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hypersalivation, tachypnea, tachycardia, respiratory paralysis (toxic doses)
- Contraindications: Long-term use of high doses, pregnancy, and lactation
Ginger
- Latin name: Zingiber officinale
- Family: Zingiberaceae
- Part used: Rhizome
- Actions: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, diaphoretic, carminative, anti-spasmodic
- Constituents: Volatile oils (zingiberene), sesquiterpenes, oleoresins (gingerols and shogaols)
- Pharmacology: Sesquiterpenes have anti-viral effects against rhinoviruses and RSV; oleoresins help reduce pain, suppress coughing, and modulate fever
- Dosage: Infusion, tincture, or dried herb
- Indications: Various conditions, including nausea and respiratory infections
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Basic Principles of Acupuncture
- Always wash hands 3 times: before patient visit, prior to needle insertion, and after removal of needles
- Always use sterilized needles
- Always establish a clean field
- Always immediately isolate used needles
Contradictions
- Absolute: alcohol intoxication, exhaustion, severe fear
- Relative: sexual intercourse, overeating, hunger, excessive thirst, strenuous exercise
Clean Needle Technique
- Abnormal sensations: sharpness, spastic contraction of limbs, convulsions, fainting, loss of color in the face
- Needle manipulation: various ways to stimulate Qi or cause De Qi, e.g., leaving the needle in for 15 minutes, tapping and flicking, tonifying methods, holding channel Qi, and moving Qi
Problems
- Needle stick injury protocol: inform TA or instructor immediately, encourage bleeding from the site, and both parties must give a full report of the incident to the instructor
Elderflower
- Latin name: European (Sambucus nigra), Canadian (Sambucus canadensis)
- Family: Caprifoliaceae
- Part used: Flower and berries
- Actions: Diaphoretic, antiviral, anti-adherence, antirheumatic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory
- Constituents: Anthocyanin, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid, cyanogenic glycoside (in unripe)
- Indications: Cold and flu, crusts on epidermis, skin affections
- Contraindications: Unknown in pregnancy and lactation
- Side effects: Flower and berries are safe, but leaf, bark, and unripe fruit may cause severe vomiting and diarrhea
- Research: German Commission E approved for colds, and meta-analysis showed significant reduction in upper respiratory symptoms compared to placebo
English Ivy Leaf
- Latin name: Hedera helix
- Family: Araliaceae
- Part used: Leaf
- Actions: Expectorant, antitussive, antispasmodic, antimicrobial
- Constituents: Saponins (hederacoside C)
- Indications: Cough, acute/chronic respiratory inflammation, and phlegm
- Contraindications: Generally safe, but short-term use during pregnancy is recommended
- Side effects: Toxicity - high amounts can cause irritation of GI tract, nausea, and vomiting
- Research: German Commission E approved for treatment of catarrhs and respiratory passages, and systematic review concluded that ivy leaf extract is effective and safe for treating cough due to URTIs and bronchitis
Licorice
- Latin name: European (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Chinese (Glycyrrhiza uralensis)
- Family: Fabaceae
- Part used: Root
- Actions: Antispasmodic, expectorant, antimicrobial, demulcent, adrenal tonic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective
- Constituents: Saponins (glycyrrhizin), flavonoids (licoflavone)
- Indications: Respiratory tract infections, GI tract inflammation, hepatitis/cirrhosis of liver, adrenal fatigue
- Contraindications: High blood pressure (hypertension), caution in pregnancy and lactation
- Side effects: Can cause potassium loss
- Research: German Commission E approved for URTIs and gastric ulcers, and review (2022) showed its effectiveness in various conditions
Botanical Medicine
Treatment Strategies
- Emollients
- Vulneraries
- Antimicrobials / Antiseptics
- Anti-inflammatories
- Antipruritics
- Lymphatics
- Astringents
- Connective tissue tonics
Calendula / Marigold
- Latin name: Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae family)
- Plant part used: Flowerheads and petals (infusion and tincture for internal, ointments and poultices for external)
- Indications: Local skin problems, rash, eczema, psoriasis, abrasions
- Actions: Antimicrobial, lymphatic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, demulcent, emollient
- Stimulates drainage of enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes
- Stimulates granulation tissue
- Contraindications: Generally safe, caution in asteraceae family allergy
- Side effects: Caution in asteraceae family allergy
Gotu Kola
- Latin name: Centella asiatica (Apiaceae family)
- Plant part used: Aerial parts (infusion, tincture, and standardized extracts for internal use, topical: creams, ointments, and poultices applied BID or PRN)
- Indications: Speeds up skin collagen formation and angiogenesis, increases antioxidant levels within wound in early stages of tissue repair
- Actions: Anti-inflammatory, connective tissue builder, vulnerary, adaptogen, nervine tonic, anti-allergy
- Asiaticosides increase vascularization of connective tissue and the formation of structural glycosaminoglycans
- Constituents: Saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids
- Contraindications: Don't use in pregnancy and lactation, liver disease
- Side effects: Internal use - GI upset, contact dermatitis, sedation, headaches, interacts with anti-diabetics, antihyperlipidemics, CNS depressants, and vasodilators
Plantain
- Latin name: Plantago lanceolata & major (Plantaginaceae family)
- Plant part used: Leaves
- Indications: Wound healing
- Actions: Antimicrobial, lymphatic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, anti-hemorrhagic, emollient, vulnerary, connective tissue tonic, antipruritic
- Allantoin promotes cell proliferation and induces transition of fibroblasts to increase tensile strength of connective tissue
- Constituents: Mucilage, tannins, flavonoids, resins, alkaloids, saponins, minerals Zn, K, Mg, P
- Contraindications: Generally safe
- Side effects: High doses internally - laxative
German Chamomile
- Latin name: Matricaria recutita (Asteraceae family)
- Plant part used: Flower heads (infusion and tincture for internal, ointments, baths, poultices external)
- Indications: Dermatological conditions
- Actions: Anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, nervine sedative, emollient, antimicrobial
- Constituents: Volatile oils, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, salicylic acid, mucilage
- Contraindications: Generally safe, caution in asteraceae allergy
- Side effects: May cause contact dermatitis in cases of allergy or sensitivity
Burdock
- Latin name: Arctium lappa
- Primary actions: Alterative, hepatic, mild laxative, mild adaptogen
- Constituents: Lignans, carbohydrates, inulin
- Indications: Hepatic congestion, sluggish bowels, acne, eczema, and other skin conditions, IBS, type II diabetes, nausea
- Cautions/contraindications: Considered safe, even nutritious
- Part used: Root
- Daily therapeutic dose: Tincture - 9-18 mL (1:5 in 30%), infusion or decoction - 2-12 g root
- Pairs well with: Zingiber officinalis for nausea of deficient stomach
Barberry
- Latin name: Berberis vulgaris
- Plant part used: Root
- Indications: General infections, GI infections, hepatic/gallbladder conditions, constipation, type 2 diabetes, PCOS, any inflammatory skin condition
- Actions: Hepatic, cholagogue, antimicrobial, bitter, anti-inflammatory, alterative, endocrine modulator (insulin)
- Constituents: Isoquinoline alkaloids
- Contraindications: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation
- Side effects: /
- Research: Regulation of blood sugar
Coptis / Goldenthread
- Latin name: Coptis sinensis
- Plant part used: Root
- Indications: Chronic or acute skin characterized by inflammation, acute GI infections, chronic sinusitis, hepatitis
- Actions: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatic, bitter
- Constituents: Isoquinoline alkaloids
- Contraindications: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation, non-toxic but very strongly bitter, not used for more than 3 weeks
- Side effects: /
- Research: /
Yellow Dock
- Latin name: Rumex crispus
- Plant part used: Root
- Indications: Chronic skin conditions, constipation, convalescence
- Actions: Alterative, laxative, hepatic, astringent, mild adaptogen, blood purifier and builder
- Contraindications: Not to be eaten fresh, not in pregnancy and lactation
- Side effects: /
- Research: /
Red Clover
- Latin name: Trifolium pratense
- Plant part used: Flowers, aerial parts
- Indications: Skin conditions, PCOS, irregular menses, menopausal hot flashes
- Actions: Alterative, lymphatic, mild female endocrine modulator
- Contraindications: May interact with anticoagulants
- Side effects: /
- Research: /
Topical Herbal Pharmacy for Skin Rash
- Ointments (salves) - semi-solid base of oil and beeswax, fats soften at skin temperature making material available to the skin### Lung Deficiencies
-
Lung Qi Deficiency:
- Caused by chronic cough or asthma, insufficiency of Qi production
- Symptoms: feeble cough, shortness of breath, low and/or hoarse voice, fatigue, spontaneous sweating, dizziness, aversion to cold, pale face, watery or thin/clear sputum, catching colds easily
- Tongue: pale, thin white coating
- Pulse: weak or empty pulses, especially right cun position
-
Lung Yin Deficiency:
- Caused by prolonged cough, heat disorders that injure the lung
- Symptoms: dry cough, dry mouth and throat, afternoon fever, malar flush, night sweats, heat sensation in the five centers
- Tongue: red body with a dry coat or little coating and maybe cracks or peeling
- Pulse: rapid and thready
-
Lung Dryness:
- Caused by pathogenic dryness (stomach yin deficiency)
- Symptoms: dry cough, little sputum, chest pain, dry skin, thirst, hoarse voice
- Tongue: dry with thin coating
- Pulse: rapid and thready
-
Lung Cold:
- Caused by pathogenic cold in the lung
- Symptoms: cough, asthma, thin white sputum, absence of thirst, runny nose with clear mucus, fever, headache and body aches
- Tongue: white coat, pale body
- Pulse: slow, strong and tight
-
Lung Heat:
- Caused by pathogenic heat in the lung
- Symptoms: cough, asthma, yellow sticky sputum, thirst, sore throat, chest pain, yellow purulent sputum with blood
- Tongue: red body and thing, yellow coat
- Pulse: rapid and strong
-
Phlegm Damp Retention:
- Caused by pathogenic wind, cold, and damp
- Symptoms: cough with frothy or white sticky sputum, stuffiness and fullness in the chest, gurgling sound with sputum in the chest, shortness of breath
- Tongue: pale with white sticky coating
- Pulse: wiry, slippery, and strong
-
Invasion by Wind-Water:
- Caused by wind cold and damp
- Symptoms: sudden swelling of the eyes, bright-shiny complexion, scanty and pale urine, aversion to wind, fever, cough, breathlessness
- Tongue: sticky white coating
- Pulse: floating and slippery
-
Cold Phlegm in Lungs:
- Caused by repeated wind-cold invasions, excessive consumption of raw, cold, or diary
- Symptoms: cough with white watery sputum, feeling of cold in the chest, dizziness, heaviness in the chest, tongue: swollen and wet with sticky white coating
- Pulse: slow, slippery, and strong
-
Dry Phlegm in Lungs:
- Caused by excessive consumption of greasy and dairy
- Symptoms: dry cough, difficult to expectorate, SOB, heavy feeling in the chest and head, dry throat, wheezing, pasty-dry complexion
- Tongue: swollen with dry, sticky coating
- Pulse: fine and slippery
Large Intestine Function
- Controls passage and conduction
- Stool formation
- Qi goes downward, stagnation of Qi causes distention and constipation
- Mental aspect of letting go, not dwelling on the past, LI points can calm the mind
Large Intestine Deficiencies
-
LI Damp Heat:
- Caused by excessive consumption of hot and greasy food, pathogenic summer heat, damp, and heat
- Symptoms: abdominal pain, tenesmus, blood and mucus in the stools, burning sensation in the anus, diarrhea with yellow watery stools
- Tongue: red body with yellow, sticky coating
- Pulse: rapid, slippery, and strong
-
LI Heat Consumption of Fluid:
- Caused by excessive consumption of hot foods, lamb, beef, and alcohol
- Symptoms: constipation with dry stools, burning sensation in the mouth, dark, scanty urine
- Tongue: red body with thick yellow or brown dry coat
- Pulse: full and rapid
-
Cold Invading LI:
- Caused by chronic exposure to cold weather, sitting on cold, wet surfaces for long periods
- Symptoms: sudden abdominal pain, diarrhea with pain, feeling of cold in the abdomen
- Tongue: thick white coating
- Pulse: deep, wiry, slow, and strong
-
LI Dryness:
- Caused by blood or yin deficiency, elderly, women after a delivery, late stages of febrile disease
- Symptoms: dry stools, constipation, dry mouth and throat, yellow, scanty urine
- Tongue: dry, red or pale body without coating
- Pulse: thready
-
LI Qi Stagnation:
- Caused by irregular eating habits, frustration, anger
- Symptoms: abdominal distention and pain, constipation with bitty stools, irritability
- Tongue: normal to slight red sides
- Pulse: wiry on both chi positions
-
LI Collapse:
- Caused by spleen and stomach deficiency, excessive physical work
- Symptoms: chronic diarrhea, anal prolapse, hemorrhoids, fatigue after bowel movements, cold limbs
- Tongue: pale
- Pulse: deep, fine, weak
Pharmacology
-
Corticosteroids:
- Expressed in the skin
- Glucocorticoids: affect carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative, vasoconstrictive
- Mineralocorticoids: primarily involved in electrolyte regulation
-
Topical Corticosteroids:
- Basic structure: hydrocortisone backbone
- Increase potency of TCS by fluorinating or esterifying certain carbons in the four-ring backbone
-
Mechanism of Action:
- Once absorbed, TCS interacts with an intracellular glucocorticoid receptor
- The complex then translocates to the nucleus where a large number of gene transcription changes take place
- Upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators, downregulation of inflammatory mediators
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics of fever and muscle weakness in relation to homeopathy remedies, including Gelsemium Sempervirens.