Week 1 notes.docx

**Antibiotics Pharmacology** Learning outcomes: 1. Describe the basic principles of antibiotic stewardship. 2. Describe the mechanisms bacteria may have that lead to antibiotic resistance. 3. Differentiate the main classes of antibiotics discussed based on the mechanism of action. 4....

**Antibiotics Pharmacology** Learning outcomes: 1. Describe the basic principles of antibiotic stewardship. 2. Describe the mechanisms bacteria may have that lead to antibiotic resistance. 3. Differentiate the main classes of antibiotics discussed based on the mechanism of action. 4. Describe the adverse effects of the drugs presented. 5. Predict which drugs would be contraindicated in patient with penicillin allergy. 6. Describe patient factors that would warrant an antibiotic presentation for Group A strep. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Urgent threats | Concerning threats | Watch list | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Carbapenem-resistant | Erythromycin-resistan | Azole-resistant *A. | | *Acinetobacter* | t | fumigatus* | | | group A | | | *C. auris* | *Streptococcus* | Drug-resistant *M. | | | | genitalium* | | *C. difficile* | Clindamycin-resistant | | | | group B | Drug-resistant *B. | | *CRE* | *Streptococcus* | pertussis* | | | | | | *N. gonorrhoeae* | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance** **Antimicrobial spectrum** Narrow Broad Extended ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- Agent is active against a single species or limited group of pathogens Agent is active against a wide range of pathogens In between (intermediate) +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Drug name | Info | Adverse | Target | Dosage | | | | effect | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | Penicillin | Narrow. | GI upset, | Group A. | \> 27 kg: | | V | | nausea, | streptococc | 300 mg TID | | | Oral | vomiting, | us | or 600 mg | | | suspension. | diarrhea, | pharyngitis | BID for 10 | | | | and rash. |. | days. | | | | Rare can | | | | | | cause | | \