Holistic vs Analytic Thought

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What is characteristic of holistic thought?

Preference for using categorical rules

Focus on objects' attributes

Detachment of objects from contexts

Attention to relationships between a focal object and the field (correct)

Which cognitive system relies on abstract, symbolic representational systems?

Analytic thought (correct)

Holistic thought

Neisser system

Associative system

What type of self-construal primes facilitate holistic processing?

Independent self-construal primes

Analytic self-construal primes

Situational self-construal primes

Interdependent self-construal primes (correct)

Which reasoning system reflects computations based on similarity and contiguity?

Associative system Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences the prominence of analytic versus holistic cognition?

Self-construals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cognitive strategy gives rise to population-level differences in problem-solving approaches?

Analytic reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern if the database of the behavioral sciences only consisted of Tsimane subjects?

Lack of representation of urban subpopulations. Signup and view all the answers

In what kind of environment do typical subjects (children of WEIRD parents) develop their folkbiological reasoning?

Culturally and experientially impoverished environment. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do urban children undergo a conceptual shift to viewing humans as one animal among many?

Between ages 7 and 10. Signup and view all the answers

According to recent work, where are some of the central conclusions regarding human folkbiological reasoning limited to?

Urban subpopulations of non-experts in industrialized societies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the developmental theory that cognitive scientists have constructed regarding folkbiological reasoning?

Emerges from folkpsychological reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

How do urban children reason about biological phenomena before age 7?

By analogy to, and by extension from, humans. Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive processes vary systematically across populations?

Attention, perception, categorization, deductive reasoning, and social inference Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the cognitive styles of Westerners?

Westerners occupy the extreme end of the distribution of cognitive styles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Kohlberg's approach to the development of moral reasoning?

The cognitive abilities that develop over maturation for moral reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the biases and patterns observed across populations?

Some biases and patterns show reversals of Western patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the cognitive foundations of moral reasoning?

They are acquired through cognitive abilities that develop over maturation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the text?

Differences in cognitive styles and moral reasoning across populations Signup and view all the answers

Which approach focuses on the self as the center of spatial judgments and navigation?

Egocentric system Signup and view all the answers

What type of cognitive frame refers to a system in which spatial judgments are made relative to the external environment?

Allocentric frame Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive perspective focuses on understanding an object's location in relation to other objects in the environment?

Object-centered approach Signup and view all the answers

In the context of spatial cognition, which system is most likely linked to understanding directions based on cardinal points (e.g., north, south)?

Geocentric system Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to the transmission of cultural practices and knowledge across generations?

Cultural evolution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms best represents the process through which cultural traits change over time?

Cultural evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the authors' stance on the origins of observed differences between populations?

They take no position on the substantive origins of the differences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential source of population differences?

Differences in formal education systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the authors' view on the idea of radical cultural relativity?

They reject the idea and expect humans to share basic cognitive aspects across populations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the generalizability of findings based on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) samples?

The authors express concern about generalizing from WEIRD samples to humanity. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which of the following statements is true about the rhetorical approach of telescoping contrasts?

It is guided by the nature of the available data. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential reason for population differences?

Differences in cognitive styles across populations Signup and view all the answers

How does the visual system adapt during development?

It adapts to the presence of recurrent features in the local visual environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Müller-Lyer illusion considered?

A culturally evolved by-product. Signup and view all the answers

What does the finding regarding the Müller-Lyer illusion suggest about psychological processes?

Even basic psychological processes like visual perception can show substantial variation across populations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the finding that American undergraduates and children are at the extreme end of the distribution for the Müller-Lyer illusion?

It suggests that Western populations are more exposed to cultural products like carpentered corners. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what can be inferred about the cognitive foundations of moral reasoning?

Moral reasoning is a complex cognitive process that is influenced by both biological and cultural factors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the cognitive styles of Westerners?

Westerners have a more analytic cognitive style. Signup and view all the answers

Holistic vs Analytic Thought

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Questions and Answers

What is characteristic of holistic thought?

Which cognitive system relies on abstract, symbolic representational systems?

What type of self-construal primes facilitate holistic processing?

Which reasoning system reflects computations based on similarity and contiguity?

What factor influences the prominence of analytic versus holistic cognition?

Which type of cognitive strategy gives rise to population-level differences in problem-solving approaches?

What is a concern if the database of the behavioral sciences only consisted of Tsimane subjects?

In what kind of environment do typical subjects (children of WEIRD parents) develop their folkbiological reasoning?

At what age do urban children undergo a conceptual shift to viewing humans as one animal among many?

According to recent work, where are some of the central conclusions regarding human folkbiological reasoning limited to?

What is the developmental theory that cognitive scientists have constructed regarding folkbiological reasoning?

How do urban children reason about biological phenomena before age 7?

Which cognitive processes vary systematically across populations?

What does the text suggest about the cognitive styles of Westerners?

What is the focus of Kohlberg's approach to the development of moral reasoning?

What does the text suggest about the biases and patterns observed across populations?

What does the text imply about the cognitive foundations of moral reasoning?

What is the main focus of the text?

Which approach focuses on the self as the center of spatial judgments and navigation?

What type of cognitive frame refers to a system in which spatial judgments are made relative to the external environment?

Which cognitive perspective focuses on understanding an object's location in relation to other objects in the environment?

In the context of spatial cognition, which system is most likely linked to understanding directions based on cardinal points (e.g., north, south)?

What concept refers to the transmission of cultural practices and knowledge across generations?

Which of the following terms best represents the process through which cultural traits change over time?

What is the authors' stance on the origins of observed differences between populations?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential source of population differences?

What is the authors' view on the idea of radical cultural relativity?

What does the text suggest about the generalizability of findings based on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) samples?

Based on the text, which of the following statements is true about the rhetorical approach of telescoping contrasts?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential reason for population differences?

How does the visual system adapt during development?

What is the Müller-Lyer illusion considered?

What does the finding regarding the Müller-Lyer illusion suggest about psychological processes?

What is the implication of the finding that American undergraduates and children are at the extreme end of the distribution for the Müller-Lyer illusion?

Based on the text, what can be inferred about the cognitive foundations of moral reasoning?

What does the text suggest about the cognitive styles of Westerners?

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