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Questions and Answers
What does a holistic perspective prioritize in philosophical analysis?
Which view emphasizes God as the center of all natural and supernatural reality?
In contrast to a holistic perspective, what does a partial perspective focus on?
Which philosophy is primarily based on reason and logic as sources of knowledge?
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What does the term 'empiricism' refer to in philosophy?
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Which perspective highlights humankind as the most important element of existence?
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What key component is emphasized in analytical thinking according to the provided content?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a holistic perspective?
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What do empiricists believe is behind every piece of knowledge?
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What does philosophy aim to pursue according to the content?
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How do philosophers typically approach their beliefs and opinions?
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What does primary reflection do in the context of philosophy?
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What is the relationship between ignorance and philosophy as implied in the content?
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What is emphasized as an essential aspect of gaining wisdom in philosophy?
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What type of reflection can evaluate and contract arguments?
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Philosophy is carried out using what method as highlighted in the content?
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What does philosophy enable individuals to recognize?
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What is the main goal of scientific knowledge?
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What is the meaning of the term 'Phenomenon' derived from?
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What essential feature does Thomas Kuhn discuss in scientific revolutions?
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What perspective do phenomenologists focus on?
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How have science and technology contributed to human advancement?
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Which of the following is a consequence of applying scientific knowledge?
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What does the practice of 'Epoche' achieve in phenomenology?
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What is a primary belief of postmodernism regarding truth?
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Which logical fallacy involves appealing to emotions by stirring feelings of pity?
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What does Wittgenstein suggest about language in relation to truth?
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What is the main concern of critical thinking?
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What is a logical consequence of a deductive argument being valid?
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Which logical fallacy implies that if something has not been proven wrong, it must be true?
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Which fallacy assumes something true of a whole must also be true for its parts?
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What is the role of logic in reasoning?
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What does the Correspondence Theory of Truth primarily focus on?
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According to the Pragmatic Theory of Truth, what does truth imply?
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What might be a criticism of the Pragmatic Theory of Truth?
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Which of the following best captures the idea of 'coherence' in relation to truth?
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What is a key feature of the Correspondence Theory of Truth?
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In the context of determining truth, which statement reflects a misunderstanding of the Correspondence Theory?
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How does the Pragmatic Theory view the relativity of truth?
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What is often questioned regarding the nature of truth according to the provided theories?
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Study Notes
Holistic and Partial Perspectives
- Holistic Perspective: Focuses on the "Big Picture," understanding larger patterns in systems; requires an open mindset to grasp general impressions.
- Partial Perspective: Analyzes specific aspects of a problem; promotes limited knowledge and can lead to incorrect conclusions.
Philosophical Views
- Cosmocentric View: Prioritizes the universe or nature over other entities.
- Theocentric View: Centers around God as the focal point of reality.
- Anthropocentric View: Sees humankind as the most crucial element of existence.
Philosophical Enterprise
- Wonder: The initial stimulus for philosophical inquiry, going beyond mere curiosity.
- Knowledge: Philosophy is a pursuit of wisdom; philosophers reflect on beliefs to uncover truth.
- Ignorance: The starting point of philosophical problems, driving the need for rational inquiry.
Types of Philosophical Reflection
- Primary Reflection: Breaks down situations into constituent parts to analyze and understand them creatively.
- Analytical Thinking: Helps examine relationships and derive logical conclusions.
Tools in Philosophy
- Interconnectedness: Philosophy reveals the unity within diversity, enhancing our understanding of collective existence.
- Scientific Knowledge: Derived from systematic investigation; emphasizes empirical evidence and experimentation.
Scientific Method and Paradigm Shifts
- Thomas Kuhn: Introduced the concept of paradigm shifts, explaining how scientific revolutions change theoretical frameworks in the scientific community.
Postmodernism
- Cultural Truth: Suggests that truth includes non-rational elements of human experience; emphasizes limits of rationalism and objectivism in understanding reality.
Logic and Critical Thinking
- Distinction Between Facts and Opinions: Critical thinking involves suspending judgment until all evidence is gathered.
- Validity of Arguments: Arguments are valid if logically constructed; validity doesn’t guarantee truth of the conclusion.
Common Errors in Reasoning
- Appeal to Pity: Manipulating emotions to support an argument.
- Appeal to Ignorance: Claiming something is true simply because it hasn't been disproven.
- Equivocation: Misleading through ambiguous language.
- Composition and Division Fallacies: Assuming what is true of part of a whole is true for the whole or vice versa.
- Against the Person: Attacking the individual rather than addressing the argument.
Theories of Truth
- Correspondence Theory: Truth is established through the relationship between propositions and factual realities.
- Pragmatic Theory: Truth is relative, based on what is useful or expedient in a given context.
Opinion
- Definition: Comprises statements that offer both facts and interpretations regarding specific situations.
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Description
Explore the concept of holistic perspective in philosophy during Week 2 of your course. This session emphasizes understanding philosophical thoughts by analyzing situations with a broader view and considering the 'Big Picture'. Dive into the implications of this approach in the search for truth.