Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical presenting sign of lymphoma?

  • A painful, ulcerated lesion in the oral cavity
  • A tender, diffuse swelling in the oral cavity
  • A persistently enlarging, non-tender, discrete mass in one lymph node region (correct)
  • A radiolucency in the bone with a well-defined border

What is the characteristic histopathological feature of Hodgkin's lymphoma?

  • Presence of binucleate cells with abundant cytoplasm and two large nucleoli (correct)
  • Sheets of uniform, well-differentiated cells
  • Infiltrative, ragged radiolucency in the bone
  • Ill-defined, irregular margins in the lymph node

What is the radiographic feature of lymphoma of bone?

  • An ill-defined or ragged radiolucency (correct)
  • A periosteal reaction with a sunburst appearance
  • A well-defined, radiopaque lesion
  • A diffuse, mottled radiolucency

What is the clinical feature of lymphoma in the oral cavity?

<p>A nontender, diffuse swelling with a boggy consistency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of low-grade lesions in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

<p>Well-differentiated, small cells with varying degrees of differentiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of untreated lymphoma of bone?

<p>Expansion of bone and eventual perforation of the cortical plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Reed-Sternberg cells?

<p>Binucleate cells with abundant cytoplasm and two large nucleoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the progression of lymph node involvement in lymphoma?

<p>Enlarging lymph nodes that become matted and fixed over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of staging a suspected lesion before biopsy?

<p>To prevent distortion of the lesion and lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a TX classification in the TNM system?

<p>The primary tumor cannot be assessed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic radiological sign of destruction of underlying bone in carcinoma?

<p>Ill-defined, ragged margin with moth-eaten appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a T3 tumor in the TNM system?

<p>Tumor size greater than 4 cm in diameter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of perineural invasion in carcinoma?

<p>It may cause paraesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an N2b lymph node in the TNM system?

<p>Clinically palpable, ipsilateral node between 3-6 cm in diameter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clinical staging in carcinoma?

<p>To predict the prognosis and plan treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical feature of an ulcerated carcinoma?

<p>A non-healing ulcer with indurated base (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of Ewing sarcoma?

<p>Pain and swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic histopathological feature of Kaposi Sarcoma?

<p>Abnormally dense and irregular blood vessels with slit-like spaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic abnormality associated with Ewing sarcoma?

<p>Chromosomal translocation involving EWSR1 and FLI1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melanocytes?

<p>To produce melanin for skin, hair, and eye color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common site of involvement in Mucosal Melanoma?

<p>Mandible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic radiological sign of Mucosal Melanoma?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Kaposi Sarcoma?

<p>Bleeding and ulceration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior of Kaposi Sarcoma?

<p>It rarely metastasizes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant prognostic factor in oral cancer?

<p>Tumor size and nodal status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major risk factor that adversely influences prognosis in oral cancer?

<p>Non-cohesive pattern of invasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site of distant metastasis in oral cancer?

<p>Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of tumor-induced death in oral cancer?

<p>Tumor load and blocking of nutrients to normal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication of radiation therapy in oral cancer?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common comorbidity in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lymph nodes with metastasis in oral cancer?

<p>Firm to hard, enlarged, and fixed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for oral cancer?

<p>Combination of wide surgical excision and radiation therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factors increase the likelihood of developing osteosarcoma?

<p>Bone irradiation and Paget’s disease of bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical sign might indicate involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve in mandibular osteosarcoma?

<p>Paraesthesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the radiographic 'sunburst' appearance seen in osteosarcomas?

<p>Sub-periosteal bone formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which radiographic sign involves symmetric widening of the periodontal ligament space?

<p>Garrington sign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the histopathology of osteosarcoma?

<p>Production of osteoid tissue by malignant mesenchymal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which radiographic presentation is most influenced by the amount of bone formation in an osteosarcoma lesion?

<p>Radiopaque, mixed radiopaque and radiolucent, or entirely radiolucent lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical feature of maxillary osteosarcoma?

<p>Nasal obstruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified by the term Codman’s triangle in osteosarcoma radiographs?

<p>Triangular ridge of new bone formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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