Hodgkin's Lymphoma

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What is the typical presenting sign of lymphoma?

A painful, ulcerated lesion in the oral cavity

A tender, diffuse swelling in the oral cavity

A persistently enlarging, non-tender, discrete mass in one lymph node region (correct)

A radiolucency in the bone with a well-defined border

What is the characteristic histopathological feature of Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Presence of binucleate cells with abundant cytoplasm and two large nucleoli (correct)

Sheets of uniform, well-differentiated cells

Infiltrative, ragged radiolucency in the bone

Ill-defined, irregular margins in the lymph node

What is the radiographic feature of lymphoma of bone?

An ill-defined or ragged radiolucency (correct)

A periosteal reaction with a sunburst appearance

A well-defined, radiopaque lesion

A diffuse, mottled radiolucency

What is the clinical feature of lymphoma in the oral cavity?

A nontender, diffuse swelling with a boggy consistency Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of low-grade lesions in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Well-differentiated, small cells with varying degrees of differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of untreated lymphoma of bone?

Expansion of bone and eventual perforation of the cortical plate Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Reed-Sternberg cells?

Binucleate cells with abundant cytoplasm and two large nucleoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the progression of lymph node involvement in lymphoma?

Enlarging lymph nodes that become matted and fixed over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of staging a suspected lesion before biopsy?

To prevent distortion of the lesion and lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a TX classification in the TNM system?

The primary tumor cannot be assessed Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic radiological sign of destruction of underlying bone in carcinoma?

Ill-defined, ragged margin with moth-eaten appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a T3 tumor in the TNM system?

Tumor size greater than 4 cm in diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of perineural invasion in carcinoma?

It may cause paraesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an N2b lymph node in the TNM system?

Clinically palpable, ipsilateral node between 3-6 cm in diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clinical staging in carcinoma?

To predict the prognosis and plan treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical feature of an ulcerated carcinoma?

A non-healing ulcer with indurated base Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of Ewing sarcoma?

Pain and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic histopathological feature of Kaposi Sarcoma?

Abnormally dense and irregular blood vessels with slit-like spaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic abnormality associated with Ewing sarcoma?

Chromosomal translocation involving EWSR1 and FLI1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melanocytes?

To produce melanin for skin, hair, and eye color Signup and view all the answers

What is a common site of involvement in Mucosal Melanoma?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic radiological sign of Mucosal Melanoma?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Kaposi Sarcoma?

Bleeding and ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior of Kaposi Sarcoma?

It rarely metastasizes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant prognostic factor in oral cancer?

Tumor size and nodal status Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major risk factor that adversely influences prognosis in oral cancer?

Non-cohesive pattern of invasion Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site of distant metastasis in oral cancer?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of tumor-induced death in oral cancer?

Tumor load and blocking of nutrients to normal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication of radiation therapy in oral cancer?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common comorbidity in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lymph nodes with metastasis in oral cancer?

Firm to hard, enlarged, and fixed Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for oral cancer?

Combination of wide surgical excision and radiation therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factors increase the likelihood of developing osteosarcoma?

Bone irradiation and Paget’s disease of bone Signup and view all the answers

What clinical sign might indicate involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve in mandibular osteosarcoma?

Paraesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the radiographic 'sunburst' appearance seen in osteosarcomas?

Sub-periosteal bone formation Signup and view all the answers

Which radiographic sign involves symmetric widening of the periodontal ligament space?

Garrington sign Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the histopathology of osteosarcoma?

Production of osteoid tissue by malignant mesenchymal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which radiographic presentation is most influenced by the amount of bone formation in an osteosarcoma lesion?

Radiopaque, mixed radiopaque and radiolucent, or entirely radiolucent lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical feature of maxillary osteosarcoma?

Nasal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is identified by the term Codman’s triangle in osteosarcoma radiographs?

Triangular ridge of new bone formation Signup and view all the answers