30 Questions
What is the function of the thymus?
Plays a role in T cell maturation
Which condition is characterized by wheezing and chest tightness?
Asthma
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
Produce antibodies
Which structure is responsible for the dilatation of the bronchioles?
Emphysema
What is the main role of the spleen in the body?
Filters blood
Which structure is involved in the transport of lymph integration?
Lymphatic Trunk
What happens when you breathe in?
Diaphragm contracts and moves downward
Which muscles help lift and expand the ribcage during inhalation?
Scalene muscles and abdominal muscles
What is the main function of the intercostal muscles during exhalation?
Relax to push air out of the lungs
Which muscle relaxes to decrease the size of the chest cavity during exhalation?
Diaphragm
What aids in pushing air out of the lungs during exhalation?
Abdominal muscle contraction
Which muscle group plays a significant role in expanding the chest cavity during inhalation?
Diaphragm and scalene muscles
Where are villi mainly found in the small intestine?
Duodenum
Which of the following is NOT a main lymph duct as mentioned in the text?
Left lymphatic duct
What is the function of portal capillaries in the liver?
To collect nutrient-rich blood for processing and detoxification
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the hepatic portal system?
Kidney
What is the main function of lymphatic vessels?
Carry lymph from tissues to lymph nodes and back to the bloodstream
Which blood vessels run parallel to lymphatic vessels throughout the body?
Veins
What is the main function of plasma cells mentioned in the text?
Supporting immune system and fighting diseases
How does carbon dioxide primarily get transported in the blood?
As bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
What compensatory mechanism helps regulate lower pH in the blood related to CO2 levels and ventilation?
Hyperventilation
Which type of immunoglobulin activates the complement system and protects against toxins and bacteria?
IgG
What is the main role of IgE immunoglobulins?
Protects against parasitic worms
Which immunoglobulin is known for providing localized protection in mucous membranes?
IgA
What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
How do lymphatic vessels begin and end?
Begin as blind-ended lymph capillaries and drain into lymph vessels
What is the function of Interleukins in the immune system?
Help immune cells communicate and regulate immune responses
Which structure of a lymph node allows lymph to enter?
Afferent end vessels
What is the main purpose of Monocytes in the immune system?
Destroy pathogens and help regulate immune responses
What is the role of Complement in the immune system?
Aid in immune responses against foreign substances
Study Notes
Respiratory Immunology and Lymphatics
Respiratory Terms
- External respiration: exchange of gas at the level of the lungs
- Bronchiectasis: dilatation of the bronchioles
- Emphysema: chronic inflammatory condition due to damage of alveoli
- Asthma: chronic airway condition characterized by inflammation, wheezing, and chest tightness
- Hypoxia: low level of oxygen in the tissues
Lymphatic Structures and Functions
- Thymus: site of T cell maturation and proliferation
- Lymph nodes: site of lymphocyte activation and proliferation
- Spleen: stores blood, filters the blood, and produces immune cells
- Liver: metabolizes, detoxifies, and produces bile
- Tonsils: play a role in immune defense
- Lymph capillaries: transport digested fats from the small intestine into the bloodstream
- Lymphatic vessels: transport lymph from the tissues to lymph nodes and eventually back to the bloodstream
- Lymphatic ducts: large vessels that carry lymph from the lymphatic vessels and drain it into the venous system
Lymphatic System
- Lymphatic vessels: distributed throughout the body, running parallel to blood vessels
- Lymph nodes: site of lymphocyte activation and proliferation
- Lymphatic ducts: collect lymph from the lower body, left upper body, and left side of the head and neck, draining into the left subclavian vein
Immunity
- Innate immunity: non-specific immunity that involves the first line of defense against infection
- Adaptive immunity: specific immunity that involves the activation of immune cells to fight infection
- Humoral immunity: involves the production of antibodies to fight infection
- Cell-mediated immunity: involves the activation of T cells to fight infection
- Passive immunity: involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another
Mechanism of Breathing
- Inhalation: contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, increasing the space in the chest cavity, allowing air to rush into the lungs
- Exhalation: relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, decreasing the space in the chest cavity, pushing air out of the lungs
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts
- Lymphatic vessels: network of thin-walled vessels that carry lymph from the tissues to lymph nodes and eventually back to the bloodstream
- Lymphatic ducts: large vessels that carry lymph from the lymphatic vessels and drain it into the venous system
- Thoracic duct: collects lymph from the lower body, left upper body, and left side of the head and neck, draining into the left subclavian vein
- Right lymphatic duct: collects lymph from the right upper body and right side of the head and neck, draining into the right subclavian vein
Portal Capillaries
- Portal capillaries: small blood vessels that form a network within certain organs, allowing for the exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues
- Hepatic portal system: collects nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas and delivers it to the liver for processing and detoxification
Immunoglobulins
- IgM: activates complement system, causes agglutination, and triggers lysis of microbes
- IgG: protects against toxins, bacteria, and viruses
- IgE: protects against parasitic worms and is involved in allergic reactions
- IgA: provides localized protection against bacteria and viruses in mucous membranes
- IgD: activates B cells and enhances phagocytosis
Prepare for HLS 2670 Exam 3 on Respiratory Immunology & Lymphatics with these practice questions covering terms like External respiration exchange, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema, Asthma, and Hypoxia. Test your knowledge on lung functions, airway conditions, and oxygen levels.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
