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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the thymus?
What is the function of the thymus?
- Plays a role in T cell maturation (correct)
- Produces bile
- Stores blood
- Metabolizes and detoxifies
Which condition is characterized by wheezing and chest tightness?
Which condition is characterized by wheezing and chest tightness?
- Asthma (correct)
- Bronchiectasis
- External respiration exchange
- Emphysema
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
- Produce antibodies (correct)
- Convey lymph into blood
- Transport lymph
- Metabolize and detoxify
Which structure is responsible for the dilatation of the bronchioles?
Which structure is responsible for the dilatation of the bronchioles?
What is the main role of the spleen in the body?
What is the main role of the spleen in the body?
Which structure is involved in the transport of lymph integration?
Which structure is involved in the transport of lymph integration?
What happens when you breathe in?
What happens when you breathe in?
Which muscles help lift and expand the ribcage during inhalation?
Which muscles help lift and expand the ribcage during inhalation?
What is the main function of the intercostal muscles during exhalation?
What is the main function of the intercostal muscles during exhalation?
Which muscle relaxes to decrease the size of the chest cavity during exhalation?
Which muscle relaxes to decrease the size of the chest cavity during exhalation?
What aids in pushing air out of the lungs during exhalation?
What aids in pushing air out of the lungs during exhalation?
Which muscle group plays a significant role in expanding the chest cavity during inhalation?
Which muscle group plays a significant role in expanding the chest cavity during inhalation?
Where are villi mainly found in the small intestine?
Where are villi mainly found in the small intestine?
Which of the following is NOT a main lymph duct as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a main lymph duct as mentioned in the text?
What is the function of portal capillaries in the liver?
What is the function of portal capillaries in the liver?
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the hepatic portal system?
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the hepatic portal system?
What is the main function of lymphatic vessels?
What is the main function of lymphatic vessels?
Which blood vessels run parallel to lymphatic vessels throughout the body?
Which blood vessels run parallel to lymphatic vessels throughout the body?
What is the main function of plasma cells mentioned in the text?
What is the main function of plasma cells mentioned in the text?
How does carbon dioxide primarily get transported in the blood?
How does carbon dioxide primarily get transported in the blood?
What compensatory mechanism helps regulate lower pH in the blood related to CO2 levels and ventilation?
What compensatory mechanism helps regulate lower pH in the blood related to CO2 levels and ventilation?
Which type of immunoglobulin activates the complement system and protects against toxins and bacteria?
Which type of immunoglobulin activates the complement system and protects against toxins and bacteria?
What is the main role of IgE immunoglobulins?
What is the main role of IgE immunoglobulins?
Which immunoglobulin is known for providing localized protection in mucous membranes?
Which immunoglobulin is known for providing localized protection in mucous membranes?
What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
How do lymphatic vessels begin and end?
How do lymphatic vessels begin and end?
What is the function of Interleukins in the immune system?
What is the function of Interleukins in the immune system?
Which structure of a lymph node allows lymph to enter?
Which structure of a lymph node allows lymph to enter?
What is the main purpose of Monocytes in the immune system?
What is the main purpose of Monocytes in the immune system?
What is the role of Complement in the immune system?
What is the role of Complement in the immune system?
Study Notes
Respiratory Immunology and Lymphatics
Respiratory Terms
- External respiration: exchange of gas at the level of the lungs
- Bronchiectasis: dilatation of the bronchioles
- Emphysema: chronic inflammatory condition due to damage of alveoli
- Asthma: chronic airway condition characterized by inflammation, wheezing, and chest tightness
- Hypoxia: low level of oxygen in the tissues
Lymphatic Structures and Functions
- Thymus: site of T cell maturation and proliferation
- Lymph nodes: site of lymphocyte activation and proliferation
- Spleen: stores blood, filters the blood, and produces immune cells
- Liver: metabolizes, detoxifies, and produces bile
- Tonsils: play a role in immune defense
- Lymph capillaries: transport digested fats from the small intestine into the bloodstream
- Lymphatic vessels: transport lymph from the tissues to lymph nodes and eventually back to the bloodstream
- Lymphatic ducts: large vessels that carry lymph from the lymphatic vessels and drain it into the venous system
Lymphatic System
- Lymphatic vessels: distributed throughout the body, running parallel to blood vessels
- Lymph nodes: site of lymphocyte activation and proliferation
- Lymphatic ducts: collect lymph from the lower body, left upper body, and left side of the head and neck, draining into the left subclavian vein
Immunity
- Innate immunity: non-specific immunity that involves the first line of defense against infection
- Adaptive immunity: specific immunity that involves the activation of immune cells to fight infection
- Humoral immunity: involves the production of antibodies to fight infection
- Cell-mediated immunity: involves the activation of T cells to fight infection
- Passive immunity: involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another
Mechanism of Breathing
- Inhalation: contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, increasing the space in the chest cavity, allowing air to rush into the lungs
- Exhalation: relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, decreasing the space in the chest cavity, pushing air out of the lungs
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts
- Lymphatic vessels: network of thin-walled vessels that carry lymph from the tissues to lymph nodes and eventually back to the bloodstream
- Lymphatic ducts: large vessels that carry lymph from the lymphatic vessels and drain it into the venous system
- Thoracic duct: collects lymph from the lower body, left upper body, and left side of the head and neck, draining into the left subclavian vein
- Right lymphatic duct: collects lymph from the right upper body and right side of the head and neck, draining into the right subclavian vein
Portal Capillaries
- Portal capillaries: small blood vessels that form a network within certain organs, allowing for the exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues
- Hepatic portal system: collects nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas and delivers it to the liver for processing and detoxification
Immunoglobulins
- IgM: activates complement system, causes agglutination, and triggers lysis of microbes
- IgG: protects against toxins, bacteria, and viruses
- IgE: protects against parasitic worms and is involved in allergic reactions
- IgA: provides localized protection against bacteria and viruses in mucous membranes
- IgD: activates B cells and enhances phagocytosis
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Description
Prepare for HLS 2670 Exam 3 on Respiratory Immunology & Lymphatics with these practice questions covering terms like External respiration exchange, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema, Asthma, and Hypoxia. Test your knowledge on lung functions, airway conditions, and oxygen levels.
