History of Science and Technology

• Science is a system of knowledge about phenomena, while technology involves its practical application. Society refers to a large group of individuals.

Ancient World

• Stone tools represent the earliest known technology.
• The Agricultural Revolution began in the Middle East.
• Copper was the first metal discovered.
• Ceramics and the wheel was developed.
• Writing systems were invented.

Classical Antiquity

• This era was dominated by Greek and Roman advancements.
• The modern concept of science started to take shape.
• The Ionian School of Philosophy emerged.
• Socrates utilized a method of inquiry known as elenchus.
• Plato focused on concrete and clear hypothesis.
• Aristotle used a deductive method of scientific inquiry.
• Alexandria became a central hub for scientific knowledge.
• The Edwin Smith Papyrus, a scientific text, originated from Africa.
• The Great Wall of China was constructed.

Middle Ages

• Around 530 AD, wars, famine, diseases, and piracy were prevalent.
• India made advancements in mathematics, medicine, and astronomy.
• Islamic civilization contributed astronomical tables and knowledge of chemicals.
• Emperor Charlemagne revived science in Europe.

Modern Ages

• The Age of Discovery and Exploration saw the development of ships for long voyages.
• The compass was invented.
• The Renaissance period highlighted humanism.
• The Scientific Revolution began.
• The Royal Society paved the way for organized scientific study.
• Isaac Newton and Benjamin Franklin were notable members.
• The microscope allowed for the study of microorganisms and types of diseases.
• Galileo Galilei was a prominent figure of the Scientific Revolution.
• Carlos Linnaeus worked on biological classification.
• The Enlightenment emphasized logic and reasoning.
• Isaac Newton was a key figure of the Enlightenment.
• Newton's Principia laid the foundation for modern-day physics.
• James Watt invented the steam engine.
• Plastics were invented in the 1940s and 1950s.
• James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA in 1953.
• DDT was introduced as a pesticide to increase food production.

In The Philippines

• Balangay ships were used for fishing and trading.
• Artillery was introduced by the Spaniards.
• Medicine and Pharmacy emerged as science professions.
• The Bureau of Science was established in 1905.
• The Philippine Journal of Science published findings and observations.
• The National Research Council of the Philippines was established in 1933 to promote scientific research.