History of Genetics and DNA Structure
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Questions and Answers

Who generated the X-ray crystallography data that was crucial to Watson and Crick's 3D model of the structure of DNA?

  • Marshall Nirenberg
  • Sydney Brenner
  • Rosalind Franklin (correct)
  • Francis Crick

What was the major achievement of Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in 1973?

  • Developing the chain termination method for DNA sequencing
  • Inventing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
  • Deciphering the genetic code
  • Performing the first genetic engineering experiments (correct)

What is the term for one billion base pairs in genomics?

  • Giga base pair (Gb) (correct)
  • Mega base pair (Mb)
  • Tera base pair (Tb)
  • Kilo base pair (kb)

What was the major achievement of Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier in 2012?

<p>Developing CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which information encoded within nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) is translated into amino acid sequences that comprise protein molecules?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cost of sequencing a mammalian genome in 2022 compared to 2001?

<p>400 times less expensive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic material for all eukaryotic organisms?

<p>DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the researchers credited with the discovery of the double-stranded DNA structure?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete complement of genetic material in an organism?

<p>Genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of chromosomes?

<p>Genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system of units used to measure length in biology?

<p>International System of Units (SI) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

<p>Mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the branch of biology known as genetics?

<p>The study of the inheritance of biological traits and variation in biological traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of trait is cystic fibrosis in humans an example of?

<p>Monogenic trait (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of how genes and genetic variation within populations change over time?

<p>Microevolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of reconstructing evolutionary relationships between populations and species through DNA analysis?

<p>Phylogenetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the information-carrying units of heredity that control or contribute to biological traits?

<p>Genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding genetic variation in agriculture, medicine, and forensics?

<p>It helps in developing new breeds of crops and animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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