History of Fingerprinting

• Study notes on personal identification techniques

Personal Identification Techniques

• Includes fingerprinting and DNA analysis, among other methods
• Lists Bertillon system, portrait parlé, forensic odontology, serology, deoxyribonucleic acid and dactyloscopy as some means of personal identification

Importance of Identification

• Establishes identity in cases of missing persons and found bodies
• Verifies the identity of arrested individuals
• Ascertains legal heirs for estate claims
• Identifies exhumed remains for origin, characteristics, and injuries
• Positively identifies accused individuals for convictions

Extrinsic Factors of Identification

• Ornate apparel rings, bracelets, necklaces,
• Letters and driver's license found on the body
• Clothing details such as tailor marks and printed names on clothing are identifiers
• Environmental evidence from clothing like dust can reveal occupation

Identification through Bertillon System (Anthropometry)

• Involves measuring body proportions for classification and comparison

Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914)

• Established anthropometry in personal identification

• Pioneered a system using body measurements for identification

• First used in England for two decades before fingerprints

• The "West Case" questioned anthropometry's reliability due to similar measurements in unrelated individuals

• 1903: William West - Will West Case

• Occurred at Leavenworth Federal Prison

• Changed classification and identification methods

• Will West entered prison and had same Bertillon measurements/resemblance as inmate William West

Portrait Parle'

• A detailed verbal description of a person aiding identification

Dimensions of the Head

• Described as large, medium or small
• Carriage of the head can be to the right, left, erect, thrust forward or tilted back

Description of the Face

• The face, from a full-face view is described as round, quare, oval, broad or long

The Forehead

• Forehead width described as broad, medium or narrow
• Forehead slope described as receding, medium, vertical, prominent or bulging
• Face profile: receding, straight, or bulging

Eyebrows

• Important. The eyes and eyebrows may be the most important points in description, especially if the person is wearing a mask
• Eyebrows: slanting upward, arched, straight, or oblique
• Eyebrows: long, short thin, meeting bushy or penciled
• Color is key if it differs from the head hair

Eyes

• Hard to change. Along with eyebrows and ears, they are almost visible
• Notched, star-shaped or spoke-like areola
• Periphery of eye color can be blue, gray, gree, hazel brown black, greenish maroon , or pink
• Eye size: small, medium, or large
• Eye shape round, oriental or slant
• Location in face may be wide, normally, or closely set
• Eyes may be described as surprised, smiling, baby, hostile, sleepy, tense, aged feminine or worried

Eyelids

• Can be drooping raised iris or excavated

Nose

• Nose has varied shapes

Nostrils

• Can be pinched, dilated or have curved shape

Septum

• Septum can be pendant, prominent or concave

Nose Profile

• Long, Medium or short

Bridge Of Nose

• Can be straight, convex, aquiline

Nose base

• Can be turned up, horizontal or downwards

Lips

• Can be thin, medium, or thick

Profile Of Lips

• Can be normal protruding, or receding & parted
• Check for abnormality like "hare lip"

Upper Lips

• Can be long, medium or short

Shape Of lips

• Can be downward, upturned or normal
• The lower may be thin or thick and the opposite for upper

Teeth

• Described by color, size & position
• Condition good, decayed, broken or missing

Mouth

• Can be small, medium or large

Mouth can be described as

• Slack, parted or tightly compressed
• Corners turned up or down
• One side higher than the other

Mustache/Beard

• Mustache/beard should b e described in the same manner as hair
• Describe color & style

Chin

• Profile described as normal, receding, protruding, small short or long pinted
• Look for cleft or double chins

Ears

• Same from birth to death and no two are alike
• The ear is always the same from birth to death and no two have ever been found
• Essential means of identification
• Size: small, medium, or large
• Relation to head: normal, close, or protruding
• Lobe Shape: descending, square, medium, gulfed, triangular or rectangular
• Ear position: low, normal, or high setting
• Antitragus slant: horizontal or oblique

Forensic Odontology

• Teeth roles are important for identifying bodies in many conditions (e.g., decomposition)

• Adults has 32 & each tooth has 5 surfacess

• Enamel is the hardest sub, after death, the greater and Dental characteristics become increasingly important

• The more recent the mortem records the more exclusion can be made, and identification can be easier

• PD 1575 requires dentists to keep records

Forensic Serology

• Examines blood components for identification purposes

Blood's components are

• Red blood cells (RBCs): transport oxygen, contain hemoglobin, live ~4 months
• White blood cells (WBCs): immune function(fight against disease), varying lifespans
• Platelets: facilitate blood clotting
• Plasma liquid portion of blood, carries cells & proteins aiding clotting

The different blood groups?

• Differing blood groups exist and they are A B AB & O.

Inheritance of ABO Blood Groups

• Genetic factors dictate blood type inheritance patterns

Dactyloscopy/Fingerprint Identification

• Whorl, loop, and arch patterns used for fingerprint identification

• Finger Print" has metamorphosed into "Fingerprint

• Dactylography defines fingerprints is the study as for personal identification

Dactyloscopy

• Dactyloscopy refers to fingerprint comparisons for identification
• The first known system Icnofalangometric System

European countries

• Used for of two Greek words
• Dactylos= finger
• Scopein= to examine

Dermatoglyphics

• The study of skin surface markings coined by prof Harold Cummins and Charles Midlo

Friction Skin:Layers

• Epidermis: outer layer
• Dermis inner layer

How Fingerprints are prodeced:

• Tiny opening across the ridge
• SWear Duckt passage

Kinds Of Fiingerprint impressions:

• Rolled
• Single or plain

Plain vs Rolled

• Rolling thumb - rolled towards the body
• Fingers rolled away from the body

Latent Fingerprint In pressions:

• Are hidden imprints found at a crime scene

Crime Scene Prints & Ten-Print Record

• It is an image that is transferred from the hand to another
• There are ten different fingers to get a good print from

Friction ridge details

• Allows you to use the same finger many times

When we use the words ''FIngerprint''

• A finger has it that it is unique from another print
• The print stays on the finger so their should be no mistackce when taking

In ancient timmes

• The Chinese use fingerprints and use for identification

1. Anatomical Research

• Researches the anatomical structure of friction ridges,

2. Application of Friction Ridge Skin Fingerprints

• In fingerprint in human for identification

Marcello Malpighi (1620-1694)

• He was a professor anatomy in the University of Bologna
• published "De Externo Tactus Organo"
• The layers in construction of layers are human skin particularly the epidermis the term "loops and spiral"

3. Johann Christoph Andreas Mayer (1788)

• JC was a the person that write is drawings of fingerprints
• The most significant finding was Skin ridge never repeated

Dr Johannes E. Purkinje (1787-1869)

• The sweat pore was discovered by that person
• He was the person the fingers patterns of the same

Herman Welker( 1856)

• The person that printing with the palm of their hand
• This proved their their palm do t change

Govard Bidloo

• A Dutch anatomist
• 1985 anatomy of human body

Friction skin

• Is first described by Dr.Nehemiah grens description

Dr Henry Pauls (1887)

• He writes the print finger at the time of a crime

Sr Fancis(1822)

• An anther plist
• Identification is unique

Sr Edward Richard Henry

• He make the first books

Juan Ucerich.

• Official police
• Initated fingerprint prints if criminals

Azixual hague and heinr chander bose

• credited who was name their super visor sr w

Auther Kollmann (1883)

• That has the tensions which may play part

David Hepbum (1895)

• Wrote paper the papillary ridges on the hand in 1895

Imez whiple(1904)

• A paper That considers genetics

Dr William joseph babler

• 1949 found the most foremost foundings what

1. Mr Jones

• first taught fingerprinting in the Philippines

2. Bureau of Prison

• Shows that on paper from 1918 their are carpetas
• (Commitment And Conviction Records- Already used fingerprints

Cap thomas dugan

• First Examination made in 1927 Philipine VS Medina- first condtion based on fingerprint, leading decision that a man must be identified by it

Roscher system

• The most popular system and the main tool for classification in Germany

Thomas Jennings

• First person for first murder

1980- first computer prints

Automated finger prints- the process of matching prints to an unkown print to see if it may have come from that finger

Dogmatic pricipals

• No two of different persons can be found to be the same

Hermann welcker

• Destroying ridfges the person tried removed some with acid but did to work

Finger labs

• Ink roller: used to speed the link

Labs

• Ink slab ; refers to a piece of glass were you distribute

Card holder

• a device used to protect the card

Post Morten Record

• to capture after their their time has come

labs

• Glove is to pretects from precent in an object

• fingerprint table a device that may be used

Magic glasss

• used to look in a development

forensics

• Forensic a tool that the officers can use

Finger point

• refer to a tool that uses powder to get print from the ridges

Chemial fuming

• a tool for the use of the lab ratities

Surface id that has a little friction

1. ridges ate tiny little structures sweat can be pored
2. furrows are like canals

Character ristics ridge formation

1. characteristics also known as a minute a a little detail

2. Bifurcation a separate ridge that divides more branches

Explore the history of fingerprinting, learn about the contributions of pioneers like Henry Faulds, Sir Francis Galton, and Sir Edward Richard Henry, and understand the evolution of fingerprint classification systems. Test your knowledge of key figures and their roles in advancing dactylography.