UNIT 1 - Chapter 1 - Short Answers Study

To study history for its own sake, without relating it to the present.

Historicism studies history for its own sake, whereas presentism seeks to understand history in terms of conventional standards.

A new idea can only be tolerated within an environment with the capacity to assimilate it.

<p>To emphasize the works of prominent contributors to a topic or field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows how individuals or events contributed to shifts in an idea over the years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combines coverage of great individuals, the development of ideas and concepts, the spirit of the times, and contributions from other disciplines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We gain a deeper understanding of where modern psychology's subject matter came from and why it is important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deciding how much detail to include, and avoiding a selective or streamlined approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorrect predictions and the corrections of many errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mopping up operation for a paradigm, exploring problems within an accepted paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To learn that what is fashionable in psychology varies with the zeitgeist and to discover ideas already developed that have just been lying dormant because they were conceived ahead of their time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anomaly, a persistent observation that a currently accepted paradigm cannot explain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientists follow no prescribed set of rules, and breaking rules is necessary for scientific progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For possible future use, as they may be resurrected in the future like medications that fail in their intended application but get resurrected in the future as a success in some off-label application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That psychology could never be a science because of its concern with subjective experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that behavior is caused by biochemical, genetic, physiological, or anatomical factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior is overdetermined, caused by a multitude of interacting events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empirical observation and theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To organize empirical observations and act as a guide for future observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that attempting to measure causes of behavior influences those causes, making it impossible to know them with certainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rationalist believes that the validity of propositions can be determined by carefully applying the rules of logic, while an empiricist maintains that the source of knowledge is always based on sensory observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determinism claims behavior is caused by antecedent events, while indeterminism claims that attempting to measure causes influences those causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that human thought or behavior is freely chosen and not caused by antecedent events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because science seeks to discover lawful relationships, which is a consistently observed relationship between two or more classes of empirical events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory to be considered scientific must specify the observations that, if made, would refute the theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That they engaged in postdiction – explaining phenomena after it occurred rather than predicting it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being refutable, making risky predictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hard determinism sees human behavior as mechanically caused, whereas soft determinism sees it as resulting from thoughtful deliberation and rational processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive processes such as intentions, motives, beliefs, and values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It renders the notion of personal responsibility meaningless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They manifest themselves prior to actions, and therefore the person bears responsibility for those actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is inquiry on all levels, with some concepts being ready for scientific treatment, others being in their early stages of development, and some being inherently unsuitable for scientific inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers