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Questions and Answers
What condition is caused by histoplasma infection?
Histoplasmosis
Which of the following are characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum? (Select all that apply)
What is the method of transmission of histoplasma?
Associated with bird/bat droppings; transmission through respiratory tract (spores inhaled)
What is the mechanism of infection of histoplasma?
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Which groups are at-risk for histoplasma infection? (Select all that apply)
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What are common symptoms or complications of histoplasma infection?
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How is histoplasma infection diagnosed?
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What is the treatment for mild histoplasma infection?
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Study Notes
Histoplasmosis Overview
- Condition caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum, known as histoplasmosis.
- Fungi can exist in mold form in cooler temperatures and yeast form in warmer temperatures (dimorphic).
Transmission
- Histoplasma is primarily associated with bird and bat droppings.
- Spores are inhaled through the respiratory tract, leading to infection.
Infection Mechanism
- Inhaled spores are engulfed by macrophages, which the fungus targets.
- Histoplasma spreads by exploiting the host's endothelial system.
At-Risk Groups and Endemic Areas
- Individuals working in caves or farming are particularly at risk.
- Commonly endemic in the Midwest and Central U.S., especially along the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys.
- Immunocompromised individuals are more likely to develop disseminated disease.
Symptoms and Complications
- Most infections are asymptomatic; some may develop pneumonia due to granuloma formation.
- Complications include calcification of granulomas, skin lesions (erythema nodosum), and hepatosplenomegaly in severe cases.
- Other potential findings include skin and neurological symptoms.
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis involves identifying macrophages containing oval bodies in tissue samples.
- Culture method is available but is time-consuming.
- Rapid antigen tests through serum or urine can expedite diagnosis.
Treatment Options
- For localized or mild infections, antifungal medications such as fluconazole and ketoconazole are effective.
- Severe systemic infections require amphotericin B, but this treatment is limited due to significant side effects.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Histoplasmosis and its causative agent, Histoplasma capsulatum. This set of flashcards covers key characteristics, transmission methods, and the effects of the infection. Perfect for biology students and healthcare professionals alike!
