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The principal purpose of Hispanic art during the Spanish Period was to showcase the riches of the colonizers.
The principal purpose of Hispanic art during the Spanish Period was to showcase the riches of the colonizers.
False
Ivory sculpture was introduced to the Philippines by Spanish artists.
Ivory sculpture was introduced to the Philippines by Spanish artists.
False
During the Spanish Period, painting was the dominant art form in the Philippines.
During the Spanish Period, painting was the dominant art form in the Philippines.
False
The 'classical' or formal style of sculpture was characterized by the use of black complexion for anitos and white complexion for Christian God, angels, and saints.
The 'classical' or formal style of sculpture was characterized by the use of black complexion for anitos and white complexion for Christian God, angels, and saints.
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The technique of encarnacion was used in painting during the Spanish Period.
The technique of encarnacion was used in painting during the Spanish Period.
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Indigenous sculptors and carvers were not involved in creating icons for the newly built churches during the Spanish Period.
Indigenous sculptors and carvers were not involved in creating icons for the newly built churches during the Spanish Period.
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The 'popular' style of religious sculpture combined indigenous tradition with Christian form.
The 'popular' style of religious sculpture combined indigenous tradition with Christian form.
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The estofado technique was used in sculpture during the Spanish Period.
The estofado technique was used in sculpture during the Spanish Period.
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Juan de los Santos was a Filipino painter who lived in the 18th century.
Juan de los Santos was a Filipino painter who lived in the 18th century.
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Damian Domingo's La Sagrada Familia is a wooden sculpture.
Damian Domingo's La Sagrada Familia is a wooden sculpture.
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Tropical wood was a popular material for sculpture in the 17th century.
Tropical wood was a popular material for sculpture in the 17th century.
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Francisco Suarez and Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay were painters who specialized in portraiture.
Francisco Suarez and Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay were painters who specialized in portraiture.
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The 18th century was a period of decline for Philippine art.
The 18th century was a period of decline for Philippine art.
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Ivory was a common material used for sculpture in the 17th century.
Ivory was a common material used for sculpture in the 17th century.
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The Holy Family was a common motif in European art during the 18th century.
The Holy Family was a common motif in European art during the 18th century.
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Engraving was a popular art form in the 19th century.
Engraving was a popular art form in the 19th century.
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The Nuestra Señora de Guia (1711) is an example of a colonial painting.
The Nuestra Señora de Guia (1711) is an example of a colonial painting.
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Faustino Quiotan was the first Filipino artist to show emotion in his subjects.
Faustino Quiotan was the first Filipino artist to show emotion in his subjects.
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Damian Domingo was a Filipino master of the 18th century.
Damian Domingo was a Filipino master of the 18th century.
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The Real Sociedad Economica founded an art school in 1821.
The Real Sociedad Economica founded an art school in 1821.
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Juan Arzeo's Magdalena is an example of a watercolor painting.
Juan Arzeo's Magdalena is an example of a watercolor painting.
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Damian Domingo's Una Mestiza Mercadera de Manila is an example of a portrait.
Damian Domingo's Una Mestiza Mercadera de Manila is an example of a portrait.
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Justiniano Asuncion's Portrait of Filomena Villafranca is an example of an oil on canvas painting.
Justiniano Asuncion's Portrait of Filomena Villafranca is an example of an oil on canvas painting.
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The Conquest of Batanes is an example of a colonial painting.
The Conquest of Batanes is an example of a colonial painting.
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Study Notes
Hispanic Art (1565-1700)
- Spanish culture and religion influenced portraiture in the Philippines, combining with local traditions (ikon + imagen) and (bua + larawan) to create Philippine colonial art.
- The primary purpose of Hispanic art was to promote Christianity, similar to Philippine pre-Hispanic art.
- Chinese migrants were the first artists in the Philippines, introducing techniques such as ivory sculpture, which became a unique Philippine contribution to Hispanic art.
- Features of colonial art include:
- Flowing drapery
- Almond eyes
- Soft brushworks
- Emphasis on line rather than light and shadow
Sculpture
- Indio sculptors and carvers were commissioned to create icons for newly built churches.
- The "popular" style of religious sculpture emerged from the combination of indigenous traditions and Christian forms.
- Painters, both Chinese and Indios, were employed to animate the works of santo-makers, initially making painting subordinate to sculpture.
Artists and Their Works
- Juan de los Santos of San Pablo, Laguna (ca. 1590-ca. 1660) was a notable Filipino sculptor who created a huge retablo now in the San Agustin Museum.
- Unknown artists created works such as "Blessed Trinity" (late 18th-early 19th century), "Immaculate Conception" (17th century), and "Santo Cristo" (17th century).
- Damian Domingo created works such as "La Sagrada Familia" (ca. 1830) and "Una Mestiza Mercadera de Manila" (ca. 1830).
The Formative Years (1700-1800)
- The 18th century was the formative period of Philippine art.
- Common subjects of religious painting and sculpture reflected Filipino social values and circumstances.
- A three-generation Holy Family motif emerged, emphasizing the importance of family in Filipino culture.
- Patron saints were assigned to each town and barrio, becoming the devotional object of each year's local fiesta.
Colonial Engraving
- Francisco Suarez (ca. 1690-ca. 1760) and Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay (1702-ca. 1765) were leading Filipino engravers who created genre and religious works, showcasing different racial and social classes.
- The printmakers/engravers were the first Filipino artists to sign their work and reproduce brown Madonnas like the Nuestra Señora de Guia (1711).
Colonial Painting
- Colonial painting began to flourish in the late 18th century as interest in black-and-white prints declined.
- The policies of King Charles III of Spain nurtured the growth of colonial painting in the Philippines.
- King Charles III dispatched scientific expeditions to record the flora and fauna, as well as the customs of the Filipino.
- Tipos del Pais (human types of the country) became a fresh topic of local artists.
- The Conquest of Batanes was the earliest known painting of a Philippine historical episode.
Quiotan, Domingo, and Philippine Academic Art (1800-1850)
- Faustino Quiotan (ca. 1770-1825) was a Chinese mestizo who showed emotion in his subjects.
- Damian Domingo (ca. 1790-1832) was a Filipino master of the early 19th century who set up the first private art school in the country in 1821.
- Filipino portraiture came of age in the 19th century.
- In 1823, the Real Sociedad Economica founded an art school, which was offered to Domingo in 1826 and known as Academia de Debujo.
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Description
Explore the cultural and artistic influences of Spanish colonization on Philippine art during the 16th to 17th centuries, including the role of Chinese migrants and the promotion of Christianity.
