Family Herpesviridae

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Which of the following best describes the genome of Herpesviridae?

Single-stranded RNA
Double-stranded RNA
Linear double-stranded DNA (correct)
Circular single-stranded DNA

What is the function of the tegument in herpesviruses?

It acts as the primary site of replication
It serves as a reservoir for viral latency
It is a layer of globular material surrounding the capsid (correct)
It prevents viral reactivation

Which of the following environmental conditions promotes extended survival of herpesviruses?

Dry and warm environments
Moist and cool environments (correct)
Hot and arid environments
Ultraviolet light exposure

What is the primary mode of transmission for herpesviruses?

Direct transmission from latently infected animals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What histological feature is characteristic of herpesvirus infections?

Type A Cowdry eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is associated with herpesviruses?

Persistent infections with periodic or continuous shedding (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is most likely to trigger reactivation of a latent herpesvirus infection?

Stress caused by shipping, crowding, or glucocorticoid administration (C) Signup and view all the answers

We must know the subfamilies of Family herpesviridae. What are the three?

Alphaherpesvirinae, Gammaherpesvirinae and Betaherpesvirinae Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of alpha herpesviruses in cell culture?

Generally cytopathic growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the replication cycle of alpha herpesviruses compare to other herpesviruses?

Shorter than other herpesviruses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the host range of alpha herpesviruses?

Most have a restricted host range, but some like pseudorabies virus have a broad range (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where are alpha herpesvirus lesions most commonly localized?

Skin and mucosal surfaces of the respiratory and genital tracts (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are most susceptible to generalized infections caused by alpha herpesviruses?

Very young or immunocompromised animals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of alpha herpesvirus infection in pregnant animals?

Viral transfer across the placenta leading to abortion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What histological finding is characteristic of fetal organs in cases of abortion caused by alpha herpesvirus?

Multifocal areas of necrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the viruses within the Subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae?

Bovine herpesvirus 1, Bovine herpes virus 2, Equine herpesvirus 1, Equine herpesvirus 4, Porcine herpesvirus 1, feline herpesvirus 1, canine herpesvirus 1, Gallid herpesvirus 1 and 2 Signup and view all the answers

What diseases are associated with bovine herpesvirus 1? (Hint: 5)

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis , infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, ocular form of IBR, abortion and systemic disease of newborn calves. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subtypes of Bovine herpes viruses we are required to know ?

BHV 1.1 and BHV 1.2 Signup and view all the answers

BHV 1.1 is the genital subtype and BHV 1.2 is the respiratory subtype

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The transmission of BHV 1.2 is through coitus or artificial insemination, or transplacental.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission of subtype BHV 1.1 and the resulting diseases?

Droplet transmission, resulting in respiratory disease and conjunctivitis Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions are characteristic of BHV-1 infection in both the genital and respiratory forms?

Focal areas of epithelial cell necrosis with ballooning of epithelial cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What histological feature is often seen at the periphery of necrotic foci in BHV-1 infections?

Typical herpesvirus nuclear inclusions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammatory response is seen within necrotic mucosa in BHV-1 infection?

Intense inflammatory response with fibrin and cellular debris accumulation (pseudomembrane) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of BHV-1 infection regarding viral persistence?

Life-long latent infection with periodic virus shedding (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does BHV-1 establish latency in cases of respiratory disease?

Trigeminal nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can reactivate BHV-1 from latency?

Administration of corticosteroids or stress (B) Signup and view all the answers

What clinical signs are associated with the respiratory form of BHV-1?

Rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, hyperemic nares (“red nose”), necrotic foci on the mucosa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What secondary bacterial infections commonly complicate BHV-1 respiratory disease?

Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in BHV-1 respiratory infection?

Secondary bronchopneumonia (C) Signup and view all the answers

BHV respiratory form: uncomplicated cases recover in how many days?

10-14 days Signup and view all the answers

Herpesviridae Genome

Linear double-stranded DNA

Tegument Function

A layer of globular material surrounding the capsid