Introduction to Herpesviridae: Family of Herpes Viruses

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Questions and Answers

How many human herpesviruses are known?

8 (correct)

What is the shape of the herpesvirus?

Helical

Icosahedral (correct)

Fusiform

Spherical

Where does latency of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 occur?

Sacral ganglion

Lumbar ganglion

Trigeminal ganglion (correct)

Cervical ganglion

Which of the following is a characteristic of herpesviruses?

Linear DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical skin lesion in herpes disease?

Vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?

Saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the intranuclear inclusions found in CMV infected cells?

Owl's eye Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of CMV?

Airborne Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antigen that has neutralizing activity directed against it?

Viral membrane antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by CMV in immunocompetent individuals?

Heterophil negative mononucleosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug used to treat CMV infections?

Ganciclovir Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis?

Epstein-Barr virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic tool used to identify multinucleated giant cells in Varicella infections?

Tzanck smear Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Varicella virus?

Respiratory droplet and direct contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of Varicella infection in adults?

Severe rash Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Cesarean section in Varicella infection?

To prevent transmission to the newborn Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for immunocompetent children with Varicella infection?

Supportive care only Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the rash in Zoster infection?

Painful vesicles on a secondary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of the Epstein-Barr virus?

Through saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus in young children?

Asymptomatic infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of atypical lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis?

They are T lymphocytes reacting against infected B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the heterophil antibody test in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis?

To diagnose early infection with the Epstein-Barr virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for uncomplicated cases of infectious mononucleosis?

No treatment necessary Signup and view all the answers

Is there a vaccine available to prevent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus?

No Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Herpesviridae Family

Herpes viruses are among the largest human viruses, with 8 known human viruses
They are Ds.linear DNA, icosahedral, enveloped viruses
They have the feature of latency, becoming dormant and reactivating to produce recurrent infection

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Causes congenital abnormalities in neonates, pneumonia, and diseases in immunocompromised patients
Causes heterophil negative mononucleosis in immunocompetent individuals
Giant cells are formed, hence (cytomegalo)
Transmitted through:
- Transplacental
- Birth canal
- Breast milk
- Saliva
- Sexual contact
- Blood transfusion
- Transplants
Latent in leukocytes and kidneys
Reactivates when cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is decreased

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Causes infectious mononucleosis
Associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Antigens and their functions:
- Viral capsid antigen: used in diagnosis
- Viral membrane antigen: neutralizing activity is directed against it
Infects lymphoid cells, especially B lymphocytes, and becomes latent
Transmitted mainly by saliva

Varicella-Zoster Virus

Causes varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles)
Has a single serotype
Transmitted by respiratory droplet and direct contact
Latency occurs in the dorsal root ganglia
Reactivation may occur, causing vesicles and nerve pain of zoster (shingles)

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Has two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2
HSV-1 causes:
- Gingivostomatitis
- Herpes labialis
- Encephalitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis
HSV-2 causes:
- Genital herpes
- Neonatal herpes
- Meningitis
Transmission occurs from active lesions and asymptomatic shedding
Latency: type 1 in trigeminal ganglion and type 2 in lumbar and sacral ganglia

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of Herpesviridae, a family of viruses that includes herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and cytomegalovirus. Learn about the characteristics, types, and features of these viruses, including their structure, latency, and more. Test your knowledge of this important topic in clinical virology.