24 Questions
How many human herpesviruses are known?
8
What is the shape of the herpesvirus?
Icosahedral
Where does latency of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 occur?
Trigeminal ganglion
Which of the following is a characteristic of herpesviruses?
Linear DNA
What is the typical skin lesion in herpes disease?
Vesicle
What is the mode of transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?
Saliva
What is the shape of the intranuclear inclusions found in CMV infected cells?
Owl's eye
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of CMV?
Airborne
What is the name of the antigen that has neutralizing activity directed against it?
Viral membrane antigen
What is the name of the disease caused by CMV in immunocompetent individuals?
Heterophil negative mononucleosis
What is the name of the drug used to treat CMV infections?
Ganciclovir
What is the name of the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr virus
What is the diagnostic tool used to identify multinucleated giant cells in Varicella infections?
Tzanck smear
What is the primary mode of transmission of Varicella virus?
Respiratory droplet and direct contact
What is the most common complication of Varicella infection in adults?
Severe rash
What is the purpose of Cesarean section in Varicella infection?
To prevent transmission to the newborn
What is the treatment for immunocompetent children with Varicella infection?
Supportive care only
What is the characteristic of the rash in Zoster infection?
Painful vesicles on a secondary nerve
What is the primary mode of transmission of the Epstein-Barr virus?
Through saliva
What is the result of primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus in young children?
Asymptomatic infection
What is the characteristic of atypical lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis?
They are T lymphocytes reacting against infected B lymphocytes
What is the purpose of the heterophil antibody test in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis?
To diagnose early infection with the Epstein-Barr virus
What is the treatment approach for uncomplicated cases of infectious mononucleosis?
No treatment necessary
Is there a vaccine available to prevent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus?
No
Study Notes
Herpesviridae Family
- Herpes viruses are among the largest human viruses, with 8 known human viruses
- They are Ds.linear DNA, icosahedral, enveloped viruses
- They have the feature of latency, becoming dormant and reactivating to produce recurrent infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Causes congenital abnormalities in neonates, pneumonia, and diseases in immunocompromised patients
- Causes heterophil negative mononucleosis in immunocompetent individuals
- Giant cells are formed, hence (cytomegalo)
- Transmitted through:
- Transplacental
- Birth canal
- Breast milk
- Saliva
- Sexual contact
- Blood transfusion
- Transplants
- Latent in leukocytes and kidneys
- Reactivates when cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is decreased
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- Causes infectious mononucleosis
- Associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Antigens and their functions:
- Viral capsid antigen: used in diagnosis
- Viral membrane antigen: neutralizing activity is directed against it
- Infects lymphoid cells, especially B lymphocytes, and becomes latent
- Transmitted mainly by saliva
Varicella-Zoster Virus
- Causes varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles)
- Has a single serotype
- Transmitted by respiratory droplet and direct contact
- Latency occurs in the dorsal root ganglia
- Reactivation may occur, causing vesicles and nerve pain of zoster (shingles)
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Has two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2
- HSV-1 causes:
- Gingivostomatitis
- Herpes labialis
- Encephalitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- HSV-2 causes:
- Genital herpes
- Neonatal herpes
- Meningitis
- Transmission occurs from active lesions and asymptomatic shedding
- Latency: type 1 in trigeminal ganglion and type 2 in lumbar and sacral ganglia
This quiz covers the basics of Herpesviridae, a family of viruses that includes herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and cytomegalovirus. Learn about the characteristics, types, and features of these viruses, including their structure, latency, and more. Test your knowledge of this important topic in clinical virology.
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