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Questions and Answers
What term describes an ulcer that has an epithelial defect covered by a fibrin clot and typically appears yellow-white?
Which of the following describes a raised lesion that is greater than 1 cm in diameter?
Which viral infection is associated with recurrent oral ulcers and included in the chronic multiple ulcers category?
What type of lesion is characterized by small blisters containing clear fluid and measuring less than 1 cm in diameter?
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Which condition is characterized by both acute multiple ulcers and vesicular lesions?
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Which of the following clinical features is NOT typically associated with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
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In which age group is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis most commonly observed?
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Which histopathological feature is indicative of a viral infection in epithelial cells related to primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
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What is a common fate of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis without severe complications?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oral ulcerations in primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
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Study Notes
Ulcerative, Vesicular and Bullous Lesions
- Herpes Simplex Virus Infections (HSV) are divided into type 1 and type 2.
- HSV-1 is mainly associated with oral infections such as primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS), recurrent intraoral herpes and recurrent herpes labialis.
- HSV-2 is chiefly associated with genital infections.
- HSV-1 and HSV-2 can also cause dermatitis, above and below the waist respectively.
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
- Most PHGS infections run a subclinical course
- PHGS typically occurs in children aged 2-3 years, although it can appear earlier or much later.
- Maternal IgG can cross the placental barrier and may offer some protection against HSV infections.
- Typical symptoms include fever, headache, malaise, inflamed gingiva, palpable submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes.
- Vesiculobullous lesions are frequently observed.
- Oral ulcerations are painful, superficial, round and surrounded by an inflammatory halo.
- They commonly occur on the keratinized and non-keratinized mucosa and the circumoral area.
- Excessive salivation is a common symptom.
- PHGS self-resolves in 10-14 days.
Histopathology of HSV Infections
- The virus invades and destroys epithelial cells, which leads to intraepithelial vesicle formation.
- The epithelial lining exhibits multinucleated cells.
- Nuclear inclusion bodies (Lipschutz bodies) are seen.
- Ballooning degeneration is observed in infected cells.
Diagnosis of HSV Infections
- Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical history, physical examination and laboratory tests.
- Prodromal symptoms, gingivitis and ulcerations are important clinical features.
- Cytological smears can be performed on vesicular fluids to identify the virus.
- Antibody tests can also help diagnose the infection.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infections, including the differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2. Focus on conditions such as primary herpetic gingivostomatitis and the symptoms associated with these infections. Test your understanding of these common viral infections and their clinical manifestations.
