Herbal Remedies: Male Fern & Simple Phenols

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Questions and Answers

What effect does the salicin component have?

It provides anti-inflammatory effects. (correct)

It promotes fever.

It increases mucous production.

It acts as an astringent.

Which property is associated with the tannin content?

Astringent effects on mucous membranes. (correct)

Pain relief.

Anti-inflammatory action.

Fever reduction.

Which effect is NOT related to salicin?

Astringent properties. (correct)

Fever prevention.

Anti-inflammatory effects.

Antipyretic effects.

How does tannin content influence mucous membranes?

It produces an astringent effect. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is specifically known for reducing fever?

Salicin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary constituent of the substance described, making up 58% of its composition?

Phenoles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a use of the substance?

Pain relief for migraines Signup and view all the answers

Which constituent comprises 24% of the total content?

Bee wax Signup and view all the answers

In addition to its antibacterial properties, which of the following functions does the substance have?

Local anaesthetic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constituents is typically associated with therapeutic uses in apitherapy?

Phenoles Signup and view all the answers

What active ingredient was released as aspirin in 1899?

Acetylsalicylic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is a major safety concern regarding the administration of Filmaron oil?

It has been linked to cases of death among children. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bearberry plant is used for medicinal purposes?

Leaves Signup and view all the answers

What is the Latin name for bearberry leaves?

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Signup and view all the answers

Which group should particularly avoid the use of Filmaron oil?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Which family does the bearberry plant belong to?

Ericaceae Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of Filmaron oil that has been studied for its safety?

10% solution. Signup and view all the answers

How does aspirin relate to salicin in terms of activity and tolerance?

Aspirin is equally active as salicin and better tolerated. Signup and view all the answers

What should be a priority when considering the administration of Filmaron oil?

The potential for adverse reactions in vulnerable groups. Signup and view all the answers

What demographic is particularly at risk when using Filmaron oil?

Children under 4 years old. Signup and view all the answers

What did Felix Hoffman develop between 1893 and 1897?

An improved way of producing acetylsalicylic acid Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person Felix Hoffman tested his improved production method on?

His father Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred after Felix Hoffman's father was treated?

His father's chronic arthritis improved markedly Signup and view all the answers

During which years did Felix Hoffman conduct his work on acetylsalicylic acid?

1893 to 1897 Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for acetylsalicylic acid?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What is the length range of vanilla pods?

15-20 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of vanilla pods?

Analgesic medication Signup and view all the answers

What does glucovanillin yield when hydrolyzed?

Vanillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary active component found in the bark of Salix alba?

Salicylic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a medical use of Salix alba?

Antipyretic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Simple Phenols

Definition: A class of chemical compounds where a hydroxyl group is directly bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
Simplest example: Phenol.
Structure: The hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached directly to the aromatic ring.
Variants: Hydroquinone, Salicylic acid, Phloroglucinol, Eugenol, Catechol, Thymol, Salicylaldehyde

Male Fern

Latin Name: Dryopteris filix mas
Family: Polypodiaceae
Used Part: Dried rhizome (collected in autumn with the leaf bases)
Constituents: Phloroglucinol derivatives (0.2%, mixtures termed raw filicin)

Effects of Male Fern

Action: Anthelmintic (anti-parasitic) and antiviral
Primary effect: Filicic acids
Additional Uses (unproven): Externally for rheumatism, muscle pain, neuralgia, earache, toothache, burns, hemorrhoids, teething in infants, and sleep disorders

Contraindications and Precautions

Avoid use during pregnancy and in children under 4 years old, and elderly people.
Avoid in patients with anemia, cardiac, liver or kidney disease, or diabetes.
Potential serious side effects, even with therapeutic dosages: nausea, severe headache, vomiting, diarrhea.
Observed cases of death (particularly in children) have occurred from use of Filmaron oil.

Hops

Latin Name: Humulus lupulus
Family: Cannabaceae
Used Part: Entirely dried female flowers (collected before the seeds have ripened)

Constituents of Hops

Acylphloroglucinols (10%)
Alpha-bitter acids (humulone):
Beta-bitter acids (lupulone):
Volatile oil (0.3-1.0%):
Resins (oxidation products of the bitter acids):
Phenolic acid (ferulic acid, caffeic acid):
Tannins (oligomeric proanthocyanidines):
Flavonoids (xanthohumole):

Uses of Hops

The hop bitter acids have antibacterial and antifungal properties
Stimulates gastric juice secretion
Strong spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle of the intestinal tract
Approved indications: nervousness and insomnia

Vanilla

Latin Name: Vanilla planifolia
Family: Orchidaceae
Used Part: Vanilla pods (fruits)
Length and diameter: 15-20 cm long, 8-10 mm diameter.
Characteristic: Characteristic odor and taste

Uses of Vanilla

Widely used in confectionery and perfumery
Can be used for choleretic effect

Green Vanilla

Contains glycosides (glucovanillin- without odor)
Hydrolysis yields vanillin (characteristic odor)

White Willow

Latin Name: Salix alba
Family: Salicaceae
Used Part: Bark
Constituents: Tannins, salicoside (salicin glycosides), salicylic acid

Uses of White Willow

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties
Antipyretic (fever reducing)
Salicin is responsible for anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects
Tannins have an astringent effect on mucous membranes

Salicin and Aspirin

German pharmaceutical company Bayer was looking for a better side effect profile of acetylsalicylic acid.
Felix Hoffmann improved the production process of acetylsalicylic acid.
Tested on his father with marked improvement on chronic arthritis.
Commercially released in 1899 as aspirin.

Bearberry Leaves

Latin Name: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Family: Ericaceae
Used Part: Leaves (2-3 cm long)
Constituents: Tannins, glycoside arbutinoside
Uses: Diuretic, astringent, antiseptic on urinary tract

Lemon Balm

Latin Name: Melissa officinalis
Family: Lamiaceae
Used Part: Leaves
Constituents: essential oil, rosmarinic acid
Uses: Mild sedative, carminative, spasmolytic, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant

Propolis or Bee Glue

Constituents: Phenols (58%), beeswax (24%), glucoflavonoids, bioelements
Uses: Apitherapy, antibacterial, local anesthetic

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Description

Explore the world of simple phenols and the medicinal uses of Male Fern (Dryopteris filix mas). This quiz covers definitions, structures, effects, and precautions of these compounds. Test your knowledge on the applications of phenols and the safety considerations for using Male Fern.