Herbal Remedies: Male Fern & Simple Phenols
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Questions and Answers

What effect does the salicin component have?

  • It provides anti-inflammatory effects. (correct)
  • It promotes fever.
  • It increases mucous production.
  • It acts as an astringent.

Which property is associated with the tannin content?

  • Astringent effects on mucous membranes. (correct)
  • Pain relief.
  • Anti-inflammatory action.
  • Fever reduction.

Which effect is NOT related to salicin?

  • Astringent properties. (correct)
  • Fever prevention.
  • Anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Antipyretic effects.

How does tannin content influence mucous membranes?

<p>It produces an astringent effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is specifically known for reducing fever?

<p>Salicin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary constituent of the substance described, making up 58% of its composition?

<p>Phenoles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a use of the substance?

<p>Pain relief for migraines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which constituent comprises 24% of the total content?

<p>Bee wax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to its antibacterial properties, which of the following functions does the substance have?

<p>Local anaesthetic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constituents is typically associated with therapeutic uses in apitherapy?

<p>Phenoles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What active ingredient was released as aspirin in 1899?

<p>Acetylsalicylic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major safety concern regarding the administration of Filmaron oil?

<p>It has been linked to cases of death among children. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bearberry plant is used for medicinal purposes?

<p>Leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Latin name for bearberry leaves?

<p>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group should particularly avoid the use of Filmaron oil?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family does the bearberry plant belong to?

<p>Ericaceae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of Filmaron oil that has been studied for its safety?

<p>10% solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aspirin relate to salicin in terms of activity and tolerance?

<p>Aspirin is equally active as salicin and better tolerated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be a priority when considering the administration of Filmaron oil?

<p>The potential for adverse reactions in vulnerable groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demographic is particularly at risk when using Filmaron oil?

<p>Children under 4 years old. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Felix Hoffman develop between 1893 and 1897?

<p>An improved way of producing acetylsalicylic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person Felix Hoffman tested his improved production method on?

<p>His father (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred after Felix Hoffman's father was treated?

<p>His father's chronic arthritis improved markedly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which years did Felix Hoffman conduct his work on acetylsalicylic acid?

<p>1893 to 1897 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for acetylsalicylic acid?

<p>Aspirin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length range of vanilla pods?

<p>15-20 cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of vanilla pods?

<p>Analgesic medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does glucovanillin yield when hydrolyzed?

<p>Vanillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary active component found in the bark of Salix alba?

<p>Salicylic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a medical use of Salix alba?

<p>Antipyretic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pregnancy and Filmaron Oil

Filmaron oil, a 10% solution of extracts from a rhizomic drug in cooking oil, is not safe for use during pregnancy.

Filmaron Oil for Children under 4

Filmaron oil should not be given to children under 4 years old.

Filmaron Oil for Elderly

Filmaron oil should not be administered to elderly individuals due to potential risks.

Deaths Associated with Filmaron Oil

There have been reports of deaths, particularly among children, after using Filmaron oil.

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Filmaron Oil Safety Concerns

Filmaron oil is a potentially dangerous substance, especially for vulnerable populations.

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Salicin

A component found in willow bark, salicin functions as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent.

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Tannins

A type of compound found in plants, tannins possess astringent effects, meaning they tighten and contract tissues, particularly mucous membranes.

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Anti-inflammatory effect

A property that reduces inflammation, often associated with pain and swelling.

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Antipyretic effect

A property that reduces fever or high body temperature.

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Astringent property

A property that tightens and contracts tissues, especially mucous membranes, often used for reducing irritation and bleeding.

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What is acetylsalicylic acid?

A type of medicine that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation.

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Vanilla Uses

Vanilla pods are commonly used in various applications, including confectionery (sweet treats), perfumery (fragrances), and as a choleretic (bile-stimulating agent).

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Who improved the production of acetylsalicylic acid?

Felix Hoffman, a chemist, discovered a more efficient way to produce acetylsalicylic acid.

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Who did Hoffman test acetylsalicylic acid on?

Hoffman tested his improved acetylsalicylic acid on his father.

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Vanilla Characteristics

Vanilla pods have a distinct aroma and flavor, and they are typically 15-20 centimeters long and 8-10 millimeters in diameter.

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What condition did Hoffman's father have?

Hoffman's father suffered from chronic arthritis.

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Glucovanillin and Vanillin

Glucovanillin, a glycoside found in green vanilla, lacks an odor. Upon hydrolysis, it breaks down into vanillin, which gives vanilla its characteristic aroma.

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Salicylic acid in Willow Bark

Salicylic acid is a compound found in willow bark (Salix alba), which is used for its medicinal properties.

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What was the result of Hoffman's test?

Hoffman's father's chronic arthritis improved significantly after taking the acetylsalicylic acid.

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Medicinal Properties of Willow Bark

Willow bark (Salix alba) possesses analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory (inflammation-reducing), and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties, making it a valuable medicinal resource.

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Acetylsalicylic Acid

A compound that is effective in relieving pain and fever. It was first marketed in 1899.

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Aspirin

The brand name for acetylsalicylic acid, it is known for its pain-relieving and fever-reducing properties.

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Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

A plant belonging to the Ericaceae family, also known as Bearberry.

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Leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

The part of the Arctostaphylos uva-ursi plant used for medicinal purposes.

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Ericaceae family

A plant family that includes Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, known for its diverse range of plant species.

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What is Apitherapy?

Apitherapy is a form of alternative medicine that uses honeybee products, such as honey, beeswax, and propolis, for therapeutic purposes.

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What is Propolis?

Propolis, a resinous substance collected by bees, is a key component of apitherapy, known for its antibacterial properties.

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What role does beeswax play in apitherapy?

Beeswax, used in apitherapy, plays a role in healing and pain relief by soothing inflammation.

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What are Phenols?

Phenols are organic compounds that contribute to propolis's antimicrobial properties.

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What are Glucoflavonoids?

Glucoflavonoids found in propolis are a type of flavonoid with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

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Study Notes

Simple Phenols

  • Definition: A class of chemical compounds where a hydroxyl group is directly bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
  • Simplest example: Phenol.
  • Structure: The hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached directly to the aromatic ring.
  • Variants: Hydroquinone, Salicylic acid, Phloroglucinol, Eugenol, Catechol, Thymol, Salicylaldehyde

Male Fern

  • Latin Name: Dryopteris filix mas
  • Family: Polypodiaceae
  • Used Part: Dried rhizome (collected in autumn with the leaf bases)
  • Constituents: Phloroglucinol derivatives (0.2%, mixtures termed raw filicin)

Effects of Male Fern

  • Action: Anthelmintic (anti-parasitic) and antiviral
  • Primary effect: Filicic acids
  • Additional Uses (unproven): Externally for rheumatism, muscle pain, neuralgia, earache, toothache, burns, hemorrhoids, teething in infants, and sleep disorders

Contraindications and Precautions

  • Avoid use during pregnancy and in children under 4 years old, and elderly people.
  • Avoid in patients with anemia, cardiac, liver or kidney disease, or diabetes.
  • Potential serious side effects, even with therapeutic dosages: nausea, severe headache, vomiting, diarrhea.
  • Observed cases of death (particularly in children) have occurred from use of Filmaron oil.

Hops

  • Latin Name: Humulus lupulus
  • Family: Cannabaceae
  • Used Part: Entirely dried female flowers (collected before the seeds have ripened)

Constituents of Hops

  • Acylphloroglucinols (10%)
  • Alpha-bitter acids (humulone):
  • Beta-bitter acids (lupulone):
  • Volatile oil (0.3-1.0%):
  • Resins (oxidation products of the bitter acids):
  • Phenolic acid (ferulic acid, caffeic acid):
  • Tannins (oligomeric proanthocyanidines):
  • Flavonoids (xanthohumole):

Uses of Hops

  • The hop bitter acids have antibacterial and antifungal properties
  • Stimulates gastric juice secretion
  • Strong spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle of the intestinal tract
  • Approved indications: nervousness and insomnia

Vanilla

  • Latin Name: Vanilla planifolia
  • Family: Orchidaceae
  • Used Part: Vanilla pods (fruits)
  • Length and diameter: 15-20 cm long, 8-10 mm diameter.
  • Characteristic: Characteristic odor and taste

Uses of Vanilla

  • Widely used in confectionery and perfumery
  • Can be used for choleretic effect

Green Vanilla

  • Contains glycosides (glucovanillin- without odor)
  • Hydrolysis yields vanillin (characteristic odor)

White Willow

  • Latin Name: Salix alba
  • Family: Salicaceae
  • Used Part: Bark
  • Constituents: Tannins, salicoside (salicin glycosides), salicylic acid

Uses of White Willow

  • Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties
  • Antipyretic (fever reducing)
  • Salicin is responsible for anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects
  • Tannins have an astringent effect on mucous membranes

Salicin and Aspirin

  • German pharmaceutical company Bayer was looking for a better side effect profile of acetylsalicylic acid.
  • Felix Hoffmann improved the production process of acetylsalicylic acid.
  • Tested on his father with marked improvement on chronic arthritis.
  • Commercially released in 1899 as aspirin.

Bearberry Leaves

  • Latin Name: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
  • Family: Ericaceae
  • Used Part: Leaves (2-3 cm long)
  • Constituents: Tannins, glycoside arbutinoside
  • Uses: Diuretic, astringent, antiseptic on urinary tract

Lemon Balm

  • Latin Name: Melissa officinalis
  • Family: Lamiaceae
  • Used Part: Leaves
  • Constituents: essential oil, rosmarinic acid
  • Uses: Mild sedative, carminative, spasmolytic, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant

Propolis or Bee Glue

  • Constituents: Phenols (58%), beeswax (24%), glucoflavonoids, bioelements
  • Uses: Apitherapy, antibacterial, local anesthetic

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Description

Explore the world of simple phenols and the medicinal uses of Male Fern (Dryopteris filix mas). This quiz covers definitions, structures, effects, and precautions of these compounds. Test your knowledge on the applications of phenols and the safety considerations for using Male Fern.

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