Simple Phenols (Arabic) PDF

‫البحث الخامس‬ ‫الفينوالت البسيطة‬  Simple phenols Definition: Class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol.  SIMPLE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OH...

‫البحث الخامس‬ ‫الفينوالت البسيطة‬  Simple phenols Definition: Class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol.  SIMPLE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OH OH Hydroquinone Salicylic acid COOH OH OH Phloroglucinol Eugenol OMe OH HO OH  MALE FERN ‫السرخس المذكر‬ LATIN NAME: Dryopteris filix mas FAMILY: Polypodiaceae USED PART: Dried rhizome [collected in autumn with the leaf bases]. CONSTITENTS The active compounds are phloroglucinole derivatives (0,2%, mixtures termed raw filicin) EFFECTS : anthelmintic effect ‫طارد للديدان‬ antiviral ‫مضاد فيروسي‬ The pharmacological effect is largely due to the filicic acids. Unproven Uses: it is used externally for rheumatism, muscle pain, neuralgia ‫اآلالم العصبية‬, earache ‫ ألم األذن‬and toodiache ‫ألم االسنان‬, burns, hemorrhoids ‫البواسير‬, for teething in infants, and sleep disorders Contraindications should not be administered in the presence of anemia ‫فقر الدم‬, cardiac, liver or kidney diseases or diabetes. Precautions and adverse reactions general: The following can occur even with therapeutic dosages: Nausea ‫غثيان‬, severe headache ‫صداع شديد‬, vomiting ‫اقياء‬, diarrhea ‫اسهال‬.  should not be used during pregnancy and should not be administered to children under 4 years and to elderly persons Cases of death, particularly among children, have been observed following administration of Filmaron oil (10% solution of volatile extracts of the rhizomic drug in cooking oil).  HOPS ‫الجنجل أو حشيشية الدينار‬ LATIN NAME: Humulus lupulus FAMILY: Cannabaceae ‫القنبية‬ USED PART: the whole dried female flowers [collected before the seeds ripen and the fresh or dried female inflorescence]. HOPS  CONSTITENTS Acylphloroglucinols (10%) Lupulone OH Alpha-bitter acids: HO humulone O HO O Beta-bitter acids: lupulone O OH Volatile oil (0.3-1.0%) O OH Resins (oxidation products of the bitter Humulone acids) OH Phenolic acid: ferulic acid, caffeic acid OH HO OH HO O Tannins: oligomeric proanthocyanidines Flavonoids: xanthohumole O OH OMe O  Uses: The hop bitter acids are antibacterial ‫مضاد جرثومي‬ and antimycotic ‫مضاد فطري‬. They stimulate the secretion of gastric juices. strong spasmolytic effect on the smooth muscle of the intestinal tract Indications and usage approved : nervousness ‫ التوتر‬and insomnia ‫األرق‬  VANILLA LATIN NAME: Vanilla planifolia FAMILY: Orchidaceae USED PART: Vanilla pods (fruits). [ They are 15-20cm long, 8-10 mm diameter. They have a very characteristic odor and taste].  VANILLA USES Vanilla pods are widely uses in confectionery ‫الحلويات‬ perfumery ‫العطور‬ They can used as choleretic ‫مفرز صفراء‬ Green vanilla contains glycosides namely: glucovanillin (without odor) yield on hydrolysis vanillin (special odor) OH O-Glucose OMe OMe CHO CHO vanillin Glucovanillin  ‫الصفصاف‬ LATIN NAME: Salix alba FAMILY: Salicaceae ‫الصفصافية‬ USED PART: Barks CONSTITENTS Tannins, salicoside (salicin glycosides) salicylic acid  USES Analgesic ‫مسكن الم‬ anti-inflammatory ‫مضاد التهاب‬ Antipyretic ‫خافض حرارة‬. The salicin component is responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. The tannin content has astringent properties on mucous membranes.  White Willow ‫الصفصاف األبيض‬ Native to Europe and western and central Asia It is a medium-sized to large tree growing up to 10–30 m tall Salicin is a simple phenolic glucoside consisting of the aglycone saligenin (also known as salicyl alcohol) and glucose  Salicin & Aspirin The german pharmaceutical company bayer began looking for a version of salicylic acid with a better side effect profile. Between 1893 and 1897 felix hoffman developed an improved way of producing acetylsalicylic acid. He tested it on his father whose chronic arthritis improved markedly. In 1899 acetylsalicylic acid was commercially released with the name aspirin which is equally active and better tolerated Salicin & Aspirin  BEARBERRY LEAVES ‫أوراق عنب الدب‬ LATIN NAME: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi FAMILY: Ericaceae ‫الخلنجية‬ USED PART: Leaves. 2-3 cm long CONSTITUENTS: Tannins, glycoside arbutinoside. USES: Diuretic ‫مدر‬ astringent ‫قابض‬ antiseptic on urinary tract ‫مطهر مجاري بولية‬. The antimicrobial effect is associated with the aglycon hydroquinone released from arbutin (transport form) or arbutin waste products in the alkaline urine Habitat :in northern hemisphere, of Europe Asia and America. Description: the bearberry is a small shrub, with much branched, irregular stems and evergreen leaves. Leaves are of a leathery texture like a spatula in form.  LEMON BALM ‫المليسة‬ LATIN NAME : Melissa officinalis Family : Lamiaceae ‫الشفوية‬ USED Part : leaves  CONSTIUTENTS: essentiel oil , rosmarnic acid HOOC O USES: O HO mild sedative ‫مهدئ لطيف‬ carminative ‫طارد ريح‬ HO Spasmolytic ‫مضاد تشنج‬ HO Antibacterial effects OH Antiviral effects Rosmarinic acid Anti-oxidative effects ‫مضاد أكسدة‬  PROPOLIS OR BEE GLUE ‫العكبر أو البروبوليس أو صمغ النحل‬  Propolis is a resinous mixture that is used as a sealant ‫ مادة عازلة‬for unwanted open spaces in the hive ‫خلية النحل‬.  Constituents: - phenoles 58% - beewax 24% - glucoflavonoids - bioelements  Uses: Apitherapy ‫العالج بالنحل‬ antibacterial ‫مضاد بكتيري‬ local anaesthetic ‫مخدر موضعي‬