Botany: Fern Anatomy and Reproduction

Plants with feather-like leaves and vascular tissues.

Pteridophytes without flowers or seeds but with vascular tissues.

Leaves that bear sporangia to produce spores.

Independent gametophyte structure formed from germinated spores.

Life cycle of pteridophytes that includes sporophyte and gametophyte stages.

The flattened section of the frond in a fern.

The complete leaf of a fern, including the blade and stalk.

A primary leaflet of a fern leaf.

The stalk within the blade of a fern that supports the pinnae.

The stalk of the frond, connecting the frond to the rhizome.

The underground stem that supports the fern and produces roots and shoots.

A smaller division of the pinna in a fern.

An uncurling frond of a fern, often at a young stage.

A type of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals arise from vegetative parts.

A method of vegetative reproduction where a parent plant breaks into fragments that grow into new plants.

Buds that develop from non-terminal positions on plants, capable of forming new plants.

Formation of a new sporophyte directly from the gametophyte, resulting in a haploid sporophyte.

A structure that produces spores in ferns, containing spore mother cells that undergo meiosis.

The process where the sporangium splits open to release spores into the environment.

The process by which spores develop into a prothallus after landing on suitable soil.

The male reproductive structure on the prothallus, producing male gametes (androcytes).

Equisetum species used for cleaning and polishing utensils.

Symbiotic relationship between Azolla and Anabaena azollae for biofertilization.

A drug obtained from the rhizomes of Dryopteris for treating worm infections.

Ferns grown for their aesthetic leaves, like Ruhmora adiantiformis (florist's fern).

Club moss spores used as a powder for lubrication and photography.

Motile gametes produced by androcytes, enabling fertilization.

The female reproductive organ producing eggs, typically in clusters.

Swollen lower part of the archegonium containing the egg.

Process where antherozoids swim to and fertilize the ovum, forming a zygote.

Diploid structure formed from a zygote, which develops into a sporophyte.

Structures in certain ferns that produce starch and can be eaten.

The ability of pteridophytes to stabilize soil on slopes through root systems.