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HER2 Target Therapy and Mutations in Oncogenes

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HER2 Target Therapy and Mutations in Oncogenes

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Questions and Answers

What are the fundamental changes in cell physiology displayed by all cancers?

Increased sensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

Altered cellular metabolism

Evasion of apoptosis

Limitless replicative potential (immortality) (correct)

How do oncoproteins promote uncontrolled cell proliferation?

By increasing sensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

By reducing the expression of growth factors and their receptors

By promoting apoptosis

By setting up an autocrine loop of cell proliferation (correct)

What are oncogenes?

Receptors for growth-inhibitory signals

Mutant or overexpressed versions of proto-oncogenes (correct)

Normal cellular genes promoting cell proliferation

Genes responsible for apoptosis

What is the role of growth factor receptors gene mutations in cancer?

Amplification of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family genes Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of oncoproteins?

Functioning autonomously without normal growth-promoting signals Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental change in cell physiology displayed by all cancers?

Sustained angiogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of RAS mutation in human cancers?

It leads to uncontrolled cellular proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of portions of the ABL tyrosine kinase gene and the BCR protein gene?

Uncontrolled active tyrosine kinase activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MYC gene in cancer?

Activation of the transcription of growth-promoting genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal function of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs)?

Inhibit cell cycle progression Signup and view all the answers

Which gene product applies brakes to cell proliferation?

TP53 gene product p53 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) complex?

Stimulate cell division Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is displayed by all cancers?

Limitless replicative potential (immortality) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of gain-of-function mutations involving CDK4 or cyclin-D?

Cause uncontrolled cell cycle progression and cancers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Inhibits uncontrolled tyrosine kinase activity Signup and view all the answers