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Hepatic Encephalopathy Learning Objectives

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Hepatic Encephalopathy Learning Objectives

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis?

Activation of benzodiazepine receptors in the brain

Accumulation of neurotransmitters in the CNS

Increased ammonia levels in the blood (correct)

Brain edema due to liver insufficiency

Which type of hepatic encephalopathy is associated with acute liver failure?

Type C

Type D

Type A (correct)

Type B

How is hepatic encephalopathy typically diagnosed?

CT scan of the brain revealing structural abnormalities

EEG showing normal brain activity

Presence of specific symptoms such as headache and fever

Blood ammonia levels (high sensitivity and specificity) (correct)

According to the West Haven Criteria, which grade of hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by somnolence and severe confusion?

Grade III Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment approach for hepatic encephalopathy?

Medication to reduce blood ammonia levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification system based on the underlying cause of hepatic encephalopathy?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of altered mental status (AMS) in patients with infection/sepsis?

Medications like sedatives and opioids Signup and view all the answers

How does lactulose help in hepatic encephalopathy?

It prevents ammonia reabsorption into blood/CNS by donating a proton Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Flumazenil in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?

It is considered unethical Signup and view all the answers

Why is long-term use of Metronidazole not recommended for hepatic encephalopathy?

It can cause peripheral neuropathy as a toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of combining lactulose with antibiotics in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?

For short-term relief if nonresponsive to either agent alone Signup and view all the answers

What dietary modification can be considered to manage hepatic encephalopathy?

Limiting protein intake to 10-20g/day with a maximum of 0.8-1g/kg/day Signup and view all the answers