12 Questions
What is the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis?
Increased ammonia levels in the blood
Which type of hepatic encephalopathy is associated with acute liver failure?
Type A
How is hepatic encephalopathy typically diagnosed?
Blood ammonia levels (high sensitivity and specificity)
According to the West Haven Criteria, which grade of hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by somnolence and severe confusion?
Grade III
What is the first-line treatment approach for hepatic encephalopathy?
Medication to reduce blood ammonia levels
What is the classification system based on the underlying cause of hepatic encephalopathy?
None of the above
What is a common cause of altered mental status (AMS) in patients with infection/sepsis?
Medications like sedatives and opioids
How does lactulose help in hepatic encephalopathy?
It prevents ammonia reabsorption into blood/CNS by donating a proton
What is the role of Flumazenil in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?
It is considered unethical
Why is long-term use of Metronidazole not recommended for hepatic encephalopathy?
It can cause peripheral neuropathy as a toxicity
What is the purpose of combining lactulose with antibiotics in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?
For short-term relief if nonresponsive to either agent alone
What dietary modification can be considered to manage hepatic encephalopathy?
Limiting protein intake to 10-20g/day with a maximum of 0.8-1g/kg/day
Explore the pathophysiology, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management strategies, as well as primary and secondary prophylaxis for complications of cirrhosis such as portal hypertension, varices, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. Define hepatic encephalopathy and understand its impact on brain function.
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