Liver Diseases and Complications

A condition where the liver cannot properly filter ammonia from the blood, leading to a buildup of ammonia in the brain.

A key symptom of cerebral ammonia intoxication, caused by a disruption in the energy production process within brain cells.

The disruption of chemical messengers in the brain due to cerebral ammonia intoxication, influencing communication between brain cells.

A consequence of cerebral ammonia intoxication, impacting the function of cell membranes in the brain.

A condition where the liver is unable to remove ammonia from the blood, contributing to cerebral ammonia intoxication.

A complex, potentially reversible disturbance of the central nervous system, arising from severe liver disease.

A condition where the liver's ability to function properly is impaired, leading to a range of symptoms.

This refers to reversible, functional kidney failure that occurs in patients with severe liver disease.

The ornithine cycle plays a vital role in removing ammonia from the body, preventing hyperammonemia (high levels of ammonia in the blood).

A state characterized by an abnormally high level of ammonia in the blood. It can be a serious complication of liver disease.

This refers to a buildup of ammonia in the blood, which can occur when the liver is unable to properly process ammonia.

A metabolic process that breaks down proteins into amino acids. It can contribute to hyperammonemia.

The breakdown of proteins in the body.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ammonia to urea within the liver. These enzymes are vital for ammonia detoxification.

An essential amino acid that plays a key role in the detoxification of ammonia in the liver.

A neurotransmitter involved in alertness, attention, and the fight-or-flight response. It is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine.

A neurotransmitter involved in mood, motivation, and reward. It is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine.

A neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating arousal and alertness. It is also important in sympathetic nervous system function.

An enzyme that converts dopamine to noradrenaline. It is important in the synthesis of both neurotransmitters.

An enzyme that degrades neurotransmitters, including dopamine and noradrenaline. Its activity is linked to mood regulation and neurodegenerative disorders.

An important factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. It suggests that imbalances in neurotransmitter levels contribute to the condition.

A theory suggesting that imbalances in plasma amino acids, particularly branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA), play a role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy.

A neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity and plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, and other brain functions. Its levels are often elevated in hepatic encephalopathy.

A group of amino acids that are essential for muscle building and energy production. Their levels are often altered in hepatic encephalopathy.

A metabolic cycle that converts ammonia (NH3) into urea, which is then excreted from the body.

A neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve signaling, leading to a decrease in nerve activity.

A condition where the liver is unable to remove ammonia from the bloodstream, leading to a build-up of ammonia and other toxins.

A common trigger for HE. It causes an increase in ammonia production and can worsen the existing liver dysfunction.

A common cause of HE. It can lead to an imbalance in electrolytes and acid-base balance, further promoting ammonia accumulation in the body.

Infection can trigger HE due to the release of endotoxins, which can impair liver function and increase ammonia levels.

A multi-pronged approach to manage HE, including addressing the precipitating factors, controlling ammonia levels, and providing supportive care.