Cirrhosis Complications Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal total serum bilirubin level range?

  • 0.8-1.3 mg/dl
  • 0.3-1.2 mg/dl (correct)
  • 1.0-2.0 mg/dl
  • 0.5-1.5 mg/dl

    • What is an early sign of Wilson's disease?

  • Acute hepatitis
  • Decreased ceruloplasmin levels (correct)
  • Parkinsonism
  • Hepatosplenomegaly

    • What causes Dubin-Johnson syndrome?

  • Blockage of bile flow
  • Viral hepatitis
  • Deficiency in MRP2 (correct)
  • Excessive copper accumulation

    • What is the primary function of ATP7B in the liver?

    <p>Exocytose copper into bile canaliculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to dark urine and dark liver?

    <p>Obstructive jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of increase in both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin in the blood?

    <p>Viral Hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue does free copper primarily accumulate in Wilson's disease?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complications can arise from obstructive jaundice?

    <p>Pruritis, Steatorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with hepatic encephalopathy?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger renal vasoconstriction leading to hepatorenal failure in cirrhosis?

    <p>High portal vein pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does phototherapy help in treating physiologic jaundice of newborns?

    <p>Converting bilirubin to a more soluble form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of low liver function in hepatic encephalopathy?

    <p>Accumulation of toxins in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cirrhosis, what happens to estrogen metabolism with liver damage?

    <p>Estrogen production increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the yellow discoloration of skin and eyes in jaundice?

    <p>Retention of bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In compensated cirrhosis, what is the characteristic of the liver?

    <p>Presence of small amount of scarring and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of decompensated cirrhosis?

    <p>All listed complications and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hepatorenal failure progress from changes in portal flow?

    <p>Renal vasoconstriction triggered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Asterixis', characterized by tremoring or jerky hands when outstretched, is a symptom of which complication?

    <p>Hepatic encephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Palmar erythema', a condition seen in cirrhosis, is a result of what physiological process?

    <p>'CB' secretion by hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of liver cirrhosis as discussed in the text?

    <p>Excessive alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are considered the most common risk factors for liver cirrhosis based on the text?

    <p>Excessive alcohol consumption and fatty liver (NASH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of regenerative nodules, fibrotic tissue, and collagen indicate in liver pathology?

    <p>Formation of scar tissue in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does liver cirrhosis contribute to the development of jaundice?

    <p>By impairing bilirubin excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis?

    <p>Secreting paracrine factors that stimulate HSC proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In liver cirrhosis, how does the accumulation of fibrotic tissue affect blood flow in the liver?

    <p>Compresses central veins and sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to activating hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in injured liver tissues?

    <p>Paracrine factors from sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes liver cirrhosis from end-stage liver disease?

    <p>Irreversible fibrosis and scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hepatic stellate cells (HSC) when they are activated?

    <p>They lose vitamin A and secrete TGF-β1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chronic inflammation in liver cirrhosis contribute to scar tissue formation?

    <p>By enhancing natural wound healing processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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