Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Study Notes

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of normal hemoglobin is typically Hgb A?

  • 75%
  • 95% (correct)
  • 100%
  • 85%

In a person with sickle cell trait (AS), what is expected in the hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern?

  • Thin bands at both Hgb A and Hgb S positions
  • No bands present
  • Equal sized bands at Hgb A and Hgb S positions (correct)
  • Only a thick band at Hgb A position

What might you observe in a hemoglobin electrophoresis for a person with sickle cell disease (SS)?

  • A thick band at Hgb S and a thin band at Hgb F (correct)
  • No bands present at all
  • Equal bands at Hgb S and Hgb A
  • Only a thick band at Hgb A

What is true of individuals with hemoglobin C disease (CC)?

<p>They produce a great deal of Hgb C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with hemoglobin SC disease demonstrate which of the following in their electrophoresis pattern?

<p>Equal sized bands at S and C positions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the appearance of bands in hemoglobin electrophoresis and the genes present?

<p>Each gene type produces specific band appearances based on its presence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing hemoglobin electrophoresis, what is a fundamental characteristic of a normal hemoglobin pattern?

<p>Single prominent band at the Hgb A position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to memorize the characteristics of hemoglobin electrophoresis patterns?

<p>To recognize abnormal hemoglobin types in diagnostic tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of one large band adjacent to the anode indicate?

<p>Patient with Hemoglobin C Disease (CC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bands would you expect to see for a patient with Hemoglobin SC Disease (SC)?

<p>Two equal-sized bands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what pH level does electrophoresis run to determine hemoglobin types according to the provided content?

<p>pH 6.2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hemoglobin type would show a separation pattern indicating two bands located adjacent to each other?

<p>Hemoglobin SC Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient demonstrates only one band at the location where Hemoglobin A is expected, what is the likely diagnosis?

<p>Normal hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key information can be deduced from the absence of multiple bands for a patient suspected of Sickle Cell Disease?

<p>The patient has a different hemoglobinopathy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the position of Hgb F during electrophoresis play in diagnosis?

<p>Helps identify Sickle Cell Disease presence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context provided, what does a band positioned differently in an electrophoresis diagram suggest?

<p>There is a mix of hemoglobin types present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conclusion drawn from the electrophoresis pattern observed in a patient with Hemoglobin C Disease?

<p>The patient produces only hemoglobin C. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can Sickle Cell Trait (AS) be suspected in an athlete with no symptoms when tested at pH 8.4?

<p>The patient produces hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding allows for the elimination of Sickle Cell Disease (SS) as a diagnosis for the patient in the case?

<p>Presence of hemoglobin C bands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At pH 6.2, how would Hemoglobin SC Disease be represented on an electrophoresis pattern?

<p>Two equal sized bands located next to each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic finding differentiates Hemoglobin C Disease from other hemoglobinopathies?

<p>Production of only hemoglobin C. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of performing hemoglobin electrophoresis at different pH levels?

<p>It can reveal different patterns of hemoglobin types. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected electrophoresis pattern for a patient with Sickle Cell Trait at pH 8.4?

<p>Two separate bands for hemoglobin A and S. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In diagnosing hemoglobinopathies, what is primarily assessed through hemoglobin electrophoresis?

<p>Types and patterns of hemoglobin present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

A laboratory technique used to separate different types of hemoglobin molecules, creating a pattern that helps identify various conditions.

Normal Hemoglobin (Hgb A)

The most common type of hemoglobin, representing about 95% of total hemoglobin.

Sickle Cell Trait (AS)

Heterozygous condition where an individual inherits one normal hemoglobin (Hgb A) gene and one sickle cell hemoglobin (Hgb S) gene.

Sickle Cell Disease (SS)

Homozygous condition where an individual inherits two sickle cell hemoglobin (Hgb S) genes; producing mainly Hgb S.

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Hemoglobin C Disease (CC)

Homozygous condition where an individual has two hemoglobin C (Hgb C) genes producing mainly Hgb C

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Hemoglobin SC Disease

Heterozygous condition where an individual inherits one Hgb S gene and one Hgb C gene producing both Hgb S and Hgb C in equal amounts.

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Sickle Cell Disease (SS) Electrophoresis Pattern

Shows a single band, not two, in electrophoresis run on citrate agar (pH 6.2), located at the position corresponding to Hgb S.

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Hemoglobin C Disease (CC) Electrophoresis Pattern

Shows a single band in Hgb C position on electrophoresis run on citrate agar (pH 6.2)

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Hemoglobin SC Disease (SC) Electrophoresis Pattern

Shows two equally sized bands in electrophoresis, located adjacent to each other, on citrate agar (pH 6.2), representing equal amounts of Hgb S and Hgb C.

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Normal Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Pattern

A single band in the position Hgb A would be on an electrophoresis run on citrate agar (pH 6.2).

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Citrate Agar Electrophoresis (pH 6.2)

A common method for separating different types of hemoglobin, arranging them along a separation based on their electrical charges from the anode (+ charge) to the cathode (- charge).

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Hemoglobin Electrophoresis at pH 6.2 (SC Disease)

Separates hemoglobin types; unequal, separated bands indicate Hemoglobin SC Disease.

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Hemoglobin Electrophoresis at pH 8.4 (Sickle Cell Trait)

Separates hemoglobin types; shows both normal (Hgb A) and sickle cell (Hgb S) hemoglobin, indicating Sickle Cell Trait.

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Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (Hemoglobin C Disease)

Electrophoresis shows only Hgb C production, indicating Hemoglobin C Disease.

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Sickle Cell Disease (SS)

A condition where an individual produces mainly Hgb S.

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Hemoglobin SC Disease Electrophoresis Pattern

Shows two equal sized bands located adjacent to each other on one extreme end of the medium at pH 6.2

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Electrophoresis for Anemia Diagnosis

Electrophoresis is used to diagnose anemia and identify specific hemoglobin issues by separating various hemoglobin types.

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Sickle Cell Trait (AS)

Contains both normal (Hgb A) and sickle cell (Hgb S) hemoglobin.

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Suspected Anemia Diagnosis

Analysis of electrophoresis results, coupled with patient history, helps to identify the suspected cause of anemia.

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Study Notes

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Study Notes

  • Electrophoresis separates unknown molecules into constituent parts.
  • The distinctive pattern created serves as a "fingerprint" for identification.
  • Electrophoresis is used in scientific research and daily testing.
  • Memorize CSFA+ (pH 8.4) and +CSAF-(pH 6.2) labels for electrophoresis.
  • Normal hemoglobin produces one band at the Hgb A position.
  • Sickle cell trait (AS) displays equal sized bands at A and S positions.
  • Sickle cell disease (SS) shows one fat band at the S position and a thin band at the F position.
  • Hemoglobin C disease (CC) demonstrates a large band at the C position.
  • Hemoglobin SC disease (SC) displays two equal-sized bands at the S and C positions.

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