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Questions and Answers
What characterizes Burkitt's lymphoma at the microscopic level?
What characterizes Burkitt's lymphoma at the microscopic level?
Which finding is NOT typically associated with the diagnosis of Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)?
Which finding is NOT typically associated with the diagnosis of Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)?
Which statement about Myelofibrosis can be considered accurate?
Which statement about Myelofibrosis can be considered accurate?
What is a common laboratory finding during the investigation of Myelofibrosis?
What is a common laboratory finding during the investigation of Myelofibrosis?
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Which finding would be indicative of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)?
Which finding would be indicative of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)?
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What is a characteristic feature of Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells?
What is a characteristic feature of Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with widespread Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with widespread Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Which lymph node region is involved first in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Which lymph node region is involved first in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
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What is the typical gross appearance of lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the typical gross appearance of lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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How do Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHL) typically differ from Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
How do Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHL) typically differ from Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
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What is the identifying histological feature of Burkitt’s lymphoma?
What is the identifying histological feature of Burkitt’s lymphoma?
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What age group is most commonly affected by Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
What age group is most commonly affected by Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
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What histological feature is primarily associated with nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What histological feature is primarily associated with nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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In the mixed cellularity subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma, which type of cell is notably present?
In the mixed cellularity subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma, which type of cell is notably present?
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Which characteristic is seen in the lymphocyte depletion subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Which characteristic is seen in the lymphocyte depletion subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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What differentiates the lymphocyte predominance subtype from other types of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What differentiates the lymphocyte predominance subtype from other types of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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What type of lymphoma is Burkitt's lymphoma classified as?
What type of lymphoma is Burkitt's lymphoma classified as?
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Which statement accurately describes the tumor composition in Hodgkin's lymphoma mixed cellularity?
Which statement accurately describes the tumor composition in Hodgkin's lymphoma mixed cellularity?
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What visual feature is indicative of the nodular sclerosis type in histological slides?
What visual feature is indicative of the nodular sclerosis type in histological slides?
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Among the following, which is a defining feature of lymphocyte predominance in Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Among the following, which is a defining feature of lymphocyte predominance in Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Which population is most affected by Burkitt's lymphoma?
Which population is most affected by Burkitt's lymphoma?
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What histological element is most scarce in the lymphocyte predominance type of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What histological element is most scarce in the lymphocyte predominance type of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Flashcards
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma
This type of lymphoma features cells with rounded nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and scattered tingible body macrophages, creating a "starry sky" appearance.
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
This lymphoma shows large cells with open chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and irregularly shaped nuclei.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
A group of blood disorders characterized by excessive production of certain types of blood cells in the bone marrow.
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
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Myelofibrosis
Myelofibrosis
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
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Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy
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Reactive Hyperplasia
Reactive Hyperplasia
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Primary Site of Involvement
Primary Site of Involvement
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Large Cell Lymphoma
Large Cell Lymphoma
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Nodular Sclerosis
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Nodular Sclerosis
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Lacunar Cell
Lacunar Cell
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Mixed Cellularity
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Mixed Cellularity
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Lymphocyte Depleted
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Lymphocyte Depleted
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Lymphocyte Predominance
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Lymphocyte Predominance
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Reed-Sternberg Cell
Reed-Sternberg Cell
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Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphoma
Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphoma
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Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Study Notes
Hematopathology
- Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology are mentioned.
- This is a study on the lymphoid system, including reactive nodular hyperplasia, Hodgkin's disease, and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
- Objectives:
- Define lymphomas and understand differences between Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Identify different histological subtypes of Hodgkin's disease
- Identify Burkitt's lymphoma and large cell lymphoma as examples of NHL
- Contents:
- Reactive nodular hyperplasia
- Lymphomas (Hodgkin's disease, NHL)
Normal Lymph Node
- Afferent lymphatic vessels enter the lymph node.
- The subcapsular sinus receives lymph.
- The cortex contains primary follicles, secondary follicles (with germinal centers), and mantle zones.
- Trabeculae are fibrous partitions.
- The paracortex, containing T lymphocytes, is between cortex and medulla.
- Medullary cords contain lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages.
- Medullary sinuses drain lymph to the efferent lymphatic vessels at the hilum.
- High endothelial venules facilitate lymphocyte entry.
Reactive Hyperplasia - Follicular Type
- The capsule and subcapsular sinus receive lymphatic drainage from surrounding tissue.
- The paracortical region has lymphoid follicles and a pale germinal center.
- Sinusoids extend to the node's center, involved in immune responses.
- At higher magnification, the germinal centers show larger lymphocytes undergoing activation.
- The subcapsular sinus is visible.
Lymphomas
- Lymphomas are malignancies of lymphoid tissues.
- Malignant lymphocytes accumulate in lymph nodes, causing lymphadenopathy.
- Lymphomas may spill over into the blood or infiltrate organs outside lymphoid tissue.
- Lymphomas are classified as Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-
Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells (neoplastic element):
- Large (15-45 microns), binucleated or bilobed
- Large inclusion-like nucleoli surrounded by a clear halo
- Abundant, weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm
-
Clinical presentation:
- Painless, non-tender, asymmetrical, firm, discrete, and rubbery enlargement of superficial lymph nodes
- Constitutional symptoms (fever, sweats, weight loss, pruritus) are prominent in widespread disease.
-
Gross appearance:
- Enlargement of cervical lymph nodes (most frequent)
- Individual nodes are discrete
- Grayish tan or pale tan color
-
Histology (WHO classification):
- Nodular sclerosis: Reed-Sternberg cells/lacunar variant. Collagen bands. Polymorphous background of lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, and macrophages.
- Mixed cellularity: Classic type RS cells numerous. Diffuse effacement by heterogeneous population of small lymphocytes, eosinophils,plasma cells, benign macrophages.
- Lymphocyte-depleted: Either RS cell dominance, few lymphocytes, or diffuse fibrosis.
- Lymphocyte-predominant: Effacement of the lymph node, vague nodular pattern by infiltrate of small lymphocytes. Classic RS cells are few; popcorn variants are more common.
-
Lacunar cells: characteristic for nodular sclerosis type. Scattered large cells with prominent clear space (artifact of formalin fixation).
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
-
Burkitt's lymphoma:
- High mitotic rate
- Affects children and young adults, often extranodal sites.
- Microscopically: nodal architecture effaced, medium-sized cells with rounded nuclei, coarsely clumped chromatin, and 2-5 prominent nucleoli. Scattered tingible body macrophages with clear space give "starry sky" appearance.
-
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:
- Nodal architecture effaced by large cells.
- Open chromatin, prominent nucleoli.
- Nuclei may be round, irregular, or cleaved.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
-
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET):
- Diagnosis of exclusion, ruling out other causes of elevated platelet count.
- Blood film shows increased platelets.
- Bone marrow shows increased megakaryocytes.
-
Myelofibrosis:
- Anemia, high WBC at presentation, later leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
- Leukoerythroblastic blood film, tear drop red cells.
- Bone marrow aspiration fails due to fibrosis, trephine biopsy shows fibrotic hypercellular marrow.
- Increased NAP score, transformation to acute myeloid leukemia in 10-20% of patients.
- High serum uric acid and LDH levels.
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Description
This quiz delves into hematopathology, focusing on the lymphoid system, including the distinctions between Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It covers histological subtypes, reactive nodular hyperplasia, and the structure of normal lymph nodes. Test your understanding of key concepts and terminology in this specialized field.