Hematology 2 Lecture: Megakaryopoiesis Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of thrombocytes?

  • Producing megakaryocytes
  • Maintaining blood vessel shape
  • Initiating vessel wall repairs (correct)
  • Differentiating into blood cells

What is the process by which platelets are produced from megakaryocytes?

  • Budding
  • Cytoplasmic division
  • Endomitosis (correct)
  • Nuclear division

Which growth factor is involved in megakaryopoiesis?

  • Pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell
  • FLT3 ligand
  • KIT ligand
  • CSF-GM (correct)

What is the size range of mature megakaryocytes?

<p>40-120 µm in diameter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the N:C ratio of promegakaryocytes?

<p>4:1 to 7:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell stage exhibits nucleoli that are not visible?

<p>Mature megakaryocyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the open canalicular system in platelets?

<p>Exchange of substances in and out of the platelet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component acts as a physical and chemical barrier between intra and extracellular environment in platelets?

<p>Plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal life span of platelets?

<p>7-10 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the submembrane area in platelets?

<p>Contributes to the discoid shape of platelets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is involved in the exchange of substances in and out of the platelet?

<p>Open canalicular system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the arrangement of internal organelles in platelets?

<p>Sol-gel zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of alpha granules in platelets?

<p>Release serotonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is involved in blood coagulation and platelet adhesion?

<p>Factor VIII Antihemophilic Factor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the discoid shape of an inactivated platelet?

<p>Microtubules and microfilaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of megakaryocytes?

<p>Production of platelets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor is NOT involved in megakaryopoiesis?

<p>IL-6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell can further differentiate into megakaryocytes?

<p>Totipotential hematopoietic stem cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of promegakaryocytes?

<p>20 - 60 µm in diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor acts as a stable gel component to regulate the arrangement of internal organelles in platelets?

<p>Factor XIII Fibrin Stabilizing Factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the open canalicular system (OCS) in platelets?

<p>To exchange substances in and out of the platelet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the mature megakaryocyte stage?

<p>Nucleoli: Multiple; Presence of coarse clumps of aggregated granules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor is involved in platelet production?

<p>Platelet factor 4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the normal discoid shape of platelets?

<p>Microtubules and Thrombostenin (actomyosin) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of platelets prevents contact between organelles and the cell membrane?

<p>Dense tubular systems (DTS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the submembrane area in platelets?

<p>To prevent contact between organelles and the cell membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is endomitosis?

The process of platelet formation from megakaryocytes.

What is the main function of thrombocytes?

The primary function of platelets is to initiate repairs in injured blood vessels.

What is megakaryopoiesis?

Megakaryopoiesis is the production of megakaryocytes, which are responsible for platelet formation.

What is CSF-GM?

Colony-stimulating factor for granulocytes and macrophages. It plays a role in the production of megakaryocytes, hence megakaryopoiesis.

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What is the size range of mature megakaryocytes?

Megakaryocytes are large cells responsible for producing platelets. They range from 40-120 µm in diameter.

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What is the N:C ratio of promegakaryocytes?

A promegakaryocyte is a precursor cell to a megakaryocyte. The N:C ratio, or nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, is typically 4:1 to 7:1.

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Which cell stage exhibits nucleoli that are not visible?

Mature megakaryocytes are the final stage in the development of platelets. They are characterized by the absence of visible nucleoli.

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What characterizes the open canalicular system in platelets?

The open canalicular system is a network of interconnected channels within platelets. It facilitates the exchange of substances between the platelet's interior and the surrounding environment.

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Which component acts as a physical and chemical barrier in platelets?

The plasma membrane encloses the platelet, acting as a barrier between the internal and external environments. It plays a critical role in platelet function and communication.

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What is the normal life span of platelets?

Platelets typically have a lifespan of 7 to 10 days.

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What is the function of the submembrane area in platelets?

The submembrane area in platelets is located just beneath the plasma membrane. It contributes to the characteristic discoid shape of platelets by maintaining their structure.

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Which component is involved in the exchange of substances in and out of the platelet?

The open canalicular system is a network of interconnected channels that allow the exchange of substances in and out of platelets.

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What regulates the arrangement of internal organelles in platelets?

The sol-gel zone refers to the dynamic gel-like structure in platelets. It is responsible for regulating the arrangement of internal organelles, ensuring proper platelet function.

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What is one of the functions of alpha granules in platelets?

Alpha granules are one of the types of granules found in platelets. They release various substances, including serotonin, which plays a role in vasoconstriction.

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Which factor is involved in blood coagulation and platelet adhesion?

Factor VIII is a protein that helps with blood clotting and platelet adhesion. It is essential for proper blood coagulation.

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What contributes to the discoid shape of an inactivated platelet?

Microtubules and microfilaments are structural elements that contribute to the discoid shape of platelets.

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What is the main function of megakaryocytes?

Megakaryocytes are the primary producers of platelets, essential for blood clotting and wound healing.

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Which growth factor is NOT involved in megakaryopoiesis?

IL-6, or interleukin-6, is NOT specifically involved in megakaryopoiesis. It plays a role in immune responses and inflammation.

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What type of cell can further differentiate into megakaryocytes?

Totipotential hematopoietic stem cells are the most primitive blood cells, capable of differentiating into various cell types, including megakaryocytes.

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What is the size range of promegakaryocytes?

Promegakaryocytes are precursor cells to megakaryocytes. They typically range in size from 20 µm to 60 µm in diameter.

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Which factor acts as a stable gel component to regulate the arrangement of internal organelles in platelets?

Factor XIII is a vital component for stabilizing fibrin, the protein that forms the meshwork of blood clots. It is considered a stable gel component that regulates internal organelle arrangement.

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What is the main function of the open canalicular system (OCS) in platelets?

The open canalicular system (OCS) in platelets facilitates the exchange of substances between the platelet and the surrounding environment.

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What characterizes the mature megakaryocyte stage?

Mature megakaryocytes are the final stage in platelet production. They are characterized by multiple nucleoli and coarse clumps of aggregated granules.

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Which growth factor is involved in platelet production?

Platelet factor 4 is a substance involved in platelet production. It is a chemotactic factor, meaning it attracts other cells.

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What contributes to the normal discoid shape of platelets?

Microtubules and thrombostenin, a type of actomyosin, contribute to the normal discoid shape of platelets. They provide structural support.

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Which component of platelets prevents contact between organelles and the cell membrane?

Dense tubular systems (DTS) are a network of membrane-bound tubules in platelets. They act as a barrier between internal organelles and the cell membrane.

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What is the main function of the submembrane area in platelets?

The submembrane area in platelets is located beneath the plasma membrane, acting as a barrier to prevent contact between the organelles and the cell membrane.

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Study Notes

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

  • The main function of thrombocytes is to participate in blood coagulation and hemostasis.

Megakaryocyte Development

  • Megakaryocytes produce platelets through a process involving the fragmentation of their cytoplasm.
  • Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the primary growth factor involved in megakaryopoiesis.

Megakaryocyte Characteristics

  • Mature megakaryocytes have a size range of 50-100 μm in diameter.
  • Promegakaryocytes have a nucleocytoplasmic (N:C) ratio of 1:1-1:2.
  • The nucleoli of promegakaryocytes are not visible.
  • Mature megakaryocytes are characterized by multiple lobes and a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.

Platelet Structure and Function

  • The open canalicular system (OCS) is a network of membranous tubules and channels that characterizes platelets.
  • The OCS acts as a physical and chemical barrier between the intra- and extracellular environments.
  • The submembrane area is involved in the exchange of substances in and out of the platelet.
  • The submembrane area also regulates the arrangement of internal organelles in platelets.
  • Alpha granules are involved in blood coagulation and platelet adhesion.
  • The normal life span of platelets is 7-10 days.

Platelet Shape and Structure

  • The discoid shape of inactivated platelets is contributed to by the spectrin-based membrane skeleton.
  • The spectrin-based membrane skeleton also prevents contact between organelles and the cell membrane.

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Description

This quiz covers the introduction and definition of terms related to megakaryopoiesis, including the production of megakaryocytes and thrombocytes (platelets) in the context of hematology. It also explores the growth factors involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production.

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