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Questions and Answers
What is hematology?
What is hematology?
- Study of the heart
- Study of organs
- Study of blood (correct)
- Study of muscles
What are the functions of blood?
What are the functions of blood?
Transport oxygen from lungs to cells, picks up waste material, regulation of fluid, electrolyte balance, acid balance, body temperature and protection from infections.
What does blood viscosity refer to?
What does blood viscosity refer to?
The stickiness of the blood and its ease of flow through blood vessels.
What are the two parts that blood is composed of?
What are the two parts that blood is composed of?
What is plasma?
What is plasma?
What are plasma proteins responsible for?
What are plasma proteins responsible for?
What is serum?
What is serum?
What are red blood cells also called?
What are red blood cells also called?
What are white blood cells also referred to as?
What are white blood cells also referred to as?
What do platelets do?
What do platelets do?
What is hematocrit?
What is hematocrit?
What is hematopoiesis?
What is hematopoiesis?
What are the three types of blood cells?
What are the three types of blood cells?
Where are the two types of hemopoietic tissue found in adults?
Where are the two types of hemopoietic tissue found in adults?
What is myeloid hemopoiesis?
What is myeloid hemopoiesis?
How does the red bone marrow produce different types of blood cells?
How does the red bone marrow produce different types of blood cells?
Where do lymphocytes and monocytes originate?
Where do lymphocytes and monocytes originate?
What is a megakaryocyte?
What is a megakaryocyte?
What is myelosuppression?
What is myelosuppression?
What is aplastic anemia?
What is aplastic anemia?
What is leukopenia?
What is leukopenia?
What is thrombocytopenia?
What is thrombocytopenia?
What is polycythemia vera?
What is polycythemia vera?
What is erythropoiesis?
What is erythropoiesis?
What is a reticulocyte?
What is a reticulocyte?
What condition is characterized by decreased oxygenation and cell death?
What condition is characterized by decreased oxygenation and cell death?
How long do red blood cells live?
How long do red blood cells live?
What does a patient's hematocrit measure?
What does a patient's hematocrit measure?
What causes hyperbilirubinemia?
What causes hyperbilirubinemia?
What is TPA short for?
What is TPA short for?
What is the function of TPA?
What is the function of TPA?
What is secreted by the kidneys to stimulate RBC production?
What is secreted by the kidneys to stimulate RBC production?
What are immature erythrocytes called?
What are immature erythrocytes called?
What is the universal blood donor type?
What is the universal blood donor type?
What would you expect to see in a patient who has overdosed on Coumadin?
What would you expect to see in a patient who has overdosed on Coumadin?
What is lacking in a person who develops pernicious anemia after a gastrectomy?
What is lacking in a person who develops pernicious anemia after a gastrectomy?
What is the universal recipient type?
What is the universal recipient type?
What is intrinsic factor?
What is intrinsic factor?
What condition results from the inability to secrete adequate intrinsic factor?
What condition results from the inability to secrete adequate intrinsic factor?
What process do red blood cells undergo when they are broken down rapidly?
What process do red blood cells undergo when they are broken down rapidly?
What is excess bilirubin in blood called?
What is excess bilirubin in blood called?
What is an increase in white blood cells called?
What is an increase in white blood cells called?
What is the production of white blood cells called?
What is the production of white blood cells called?
What are white blood cells that contain granules called?
What are white blood cells that contain granules called?
What are white blood cells that don't contain granules called?
What are white blood cells that don't contain granules called?
What are the types of granulocytes?
What are the types of granulocytes?
What are neutrophils?
What are neutrophils?
What are eosinophils primarily involved in?
What are eosinophils primarily involved in?
What do basophils do?
What do basophils do?
What are the types of agranulocytes?
What are the types of agranulocytes?
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
What is the primary function of monocytes?
What is the primary function of monocytes?
What are segs?
What are segs?
What are band cells?
What are band cells?
What does an increase in band cells compared to segs indicate?
What does an increase in band cells compared to segs indicate?
What is thrombopoiesis?
What is thrombopoiesis?
What results from the failure of the bone marrow to replace platelets adequately?
What results from the failure of the bone marrow to replace platelets adequately?
What is complete blood count?
What is complete blood count?
What does differential count indicate?
What does differential count indicate?
What is hemostasis?
What is hemostasis?
What are the events of hemostasis?
What are the events of hemostasis?
What happens when a blood vessel is injured?
What happens when a blood vessel is injured?
What occurs during the formation of a platelet plug?
What occurs during the formation of a platelet plug?
What are drugs that affect clotting called?
What are drugs that affect clotting called?
What are examples of antiplatelet drugs?
What are examples of antiplatelet drugs?
What are examples of anticoagulants?
What are examples of anticoagulants?
What is fibrinolytic?
What is fibrinolytic?
What is a thrombus?
What is a thrombus?
What is thrombosis?
What is thrombosis?
What is deep vein thrombosis?
What is deep vein thrombosis?
What does plasmin do?
What does plasmin do?
What is clot retraction?
What is clot retraction?
What is fibrinolysis?
What is fibrinolysis?
What is an antigen?
What is an antigen?
What is a blood antibody?
What is a blood antibody?
What are the types of blood?
What are the types of blood?
What characterizes type A blood?
What characterizes type A blood?
What characterizes type B blood?
What characterizes type B blood?
What characterizes type AB blood?
What characterizes type AB blood?
What characterizes type O blood?
What characterizes type O blood?
What antibodies does a person with type A blood have?
What antibodies does a person with type A blood have?
What antibodies does a person with type B blood have?
What antibodies does a person with type B blood have?
What does a person with type AB blood have in regards to antibodies?
What does a person with type AB blood have in regards to antibodies?
What does a person with type O blood have in regards to antibodies?
What does a person with type O blood have in regards to antibodies?
What is agglutination?
What is agglutination?
What does hemolysis refer to?
What does hemolysis refer to?
If a RBC contains the RH factor, how is the blood classified?
If a RBC contains the RH factor, how is the blood classified?
If a RBC lacks the RH factor, how is the blood classified?
If a RBC lacks the RH factor, how is the blood classified?
What is anisocytosis?
What is anisocytosis?
What large protein molecule do red blood cells contain?
What large protein molecule do red blood cells contain?
What are the two parts of hemoglobin?
What are the two parts of hemoglobin?
What is oxyhemoglobin?
What is oxyhemoglobin?
What is the CO2-hemoglobin complex called?
What is the CO2-hemoglobin complex called?
What is cyanosis?
What is cyanosis?
What does the body need to make adequate amounts of hemoglobin?
What does the body need to make adequate amounts of hemoglobin?
What can a diet deficient in iron result in?
What can a diet deficient in iron result in?
How are the RBCs of a person with iron deficiency anemia described?
How are the RBCs of a person with iron deficiency anemia described?
What is intrinsic factor?
What is intrinsic factor?
Study Notes
Hematology and Blood Functions
- Hematology is the study of blood and its components.
- Blood serves multiple functions: oxygen transport, waste removal, fluid and electrolyte regulation, acid-base balance, temperature control, and infection protection.
Blood Composition
- Blood consists of two primary components: plasma and formed elements.
- Plasma is a pale yellow fluid comprising mostly water, proteins, ions, nutrients, gases, and waste products.
- Key plasma proteins include albumin, clotting factors, antibodies, and complement proteins.
Blood Cells
- Three main types of blood cells: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
- RBCs (erythrocytes) transport oxygen to tissues.
- WBCs (leukocytes) are involved in immune protection.
- Platelets (thrombocytes) play a crucial role in blood clotting and preventing bleeding.
Hematopoiesis
- Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood cells in a sample.
- Hemopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, occurring in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
- Myeloid hemopoiesis refers specifically to blood formation in red bone marrow.
Blood Cell Characteristics
- RBCs have a life span of approximately 120 days and are produced from stem cells.
- Reticulocytes are immature RBCs that indicate ongoing erythropoiesis.
- Lymphocytes and monocytes originate in the bone marrow.
Blood Disorders
- Myelosuppression is a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough cells, leading to various blood deficiencies:
- Aplastic anemia results from a severe reduction in red blood cell production.
- Leukopenia denotes a deficiency of white blood cells.
- Thrombocytopenia indicates low platelet count, increasing hemorrhage risk.
Blood Cell Count and Types
- A complete blood count provides normal ranges for RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
- A differential count shows the percentage of each WBC type.
- Neutrophils are the most common granulocytes, important for phagocytosis.
Hemostasis and Coagulation
- Hemostasis is the process that stops bleeding and involves vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting.
- Drugs affecting clotting include antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel), anticoagulants (e.g., heparin, warfarin), and fibrinolytics (e.g., TPA).
Blood Typing and Compatibility
- Blood types include A, B, AB, and O, categorized based on the presence of A and B antigens on RBCs.
- A universal blood donor is type O negative, while a universal recipient is type AB.
- Antigens provoke immune responses, leading to antibody production against foreign substances.
Hemoglobin and Oxygen Transport
- Hemoglobin, comprised of globin (protein) and heme (iron), is essential for oxygen transport.
- Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin bound to oxygen, while carbaminohemoglobin is the CO2-hemoglobin complex.
Nutritional Needs for Blood Production
- Adequate hemoglobin synthesis requires iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and protein.
- Iron deficiency anemia results from insufficient iron, leading to microcytic and hypochromic RBCs.
Other Relevant Conditions
- Hyperbilirubinemia occurs due to hemolysis, which can lead to jaundice.
- Cyanosis indicates hypoxemia, a deficiency of oxygen in the blood.
- Anisocytosis refers to unequal-sized red blood cells, often found in anemia.
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Description
Explore key concepts in hematology with this set of flashcards focusing on blood functions, viscosity, and more. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of blood and its critical roles in the body.
