Hematology Chapter Overview
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Questions and Answers

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

  • Kidney (correct)
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Brain

    • When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?

  • If the father is Rh- (correct)
  • If the child is Rh positive
  • If the father is Rh+
  • If the child is Type O +

    • Platelets ____

  • Are the precursors of leukocytes
  • Stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break (correct)
  • Have multiple nuclei
  • Have a lifespan of about 120 days

    • Which of the following is true about blood plasma?

    <p>It is about 90% water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of all leukocytes?

    <p>They are nucleated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?

    <p>Fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ____

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except

    <p>Low blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plasma protein that is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is ____

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16g/100mL blood; this is _____

    <p>Within the normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the incorrect statement regarding blood cell formation

    <p>Platelets are formed from myeloblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements does not describe blood?

    <p>Blood carries body cells to injured areas for repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Megan has an infected puncture wound to her foot. What type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

    <p>The gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each heme ring in the hemoglobin encloses an atom of _____

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adults, the only site of RBC production and the primary site of WBC formation is the

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

    <p>A, B, and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true of basophils?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is found in plasma?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma composes about _____ % of whole blood and water composes ___% of the plasma volume?

    <p>55%; 92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each hemoglobin molecule contains

    <p>4 iron molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A moving blood clot is called a

    <p>Embolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person whose platelet count is 40,000/mL is suffering from

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average lifespan of a RBC is

    <p>4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning RBCs is false?

    <p>They are about 18 mm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from a

    <p>Superficial vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During contraction of heart muscle cells ____

    <p>Some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ___

    <p>Have gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall

    <p>The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement about the heart valves

    <p>The AV valves are supported by chordae tendonaie so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by

    <p>Noticing the thickness of the ventricular walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tricuspid valve is closed ____

    <p>When the ventricle is in systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

    <p>AV valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Foramen ovale _____

    <p>Connects the two atria in the fetal heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ___

    <p>The heart rate would increase by about 25 beats/minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ___

    <p>Decrease delivery of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ____

    <p>Pumps blood against a greater resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the

    <p>Coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term used for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is

    <p>Angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ___

    <p>Cardiac tamponade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ____

    <p>Atrial depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

    <p>The ventricles will beat more slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is to slow heart as ____ is to fast heart rate

    <p>Bradycardia; tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artery is to ____ as vein is to _____

    <p>Efferent; afferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart: 1. Purkinje fibers, 2. AV bundle, 3. AV node, 4. SA node, 5. Bundle branches. The sequence in which excitation would move through the system is

    <p>4, 3, 2, 5, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart: 1. Right atrium, 2. Left atrium, 3. Right ventricle, 4. Left ventricle, 5. Vena Cava, 6. Aorta, 7. Pulmonary trunk, 8. Pulmonary veins. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

    <p>5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The visceral pericardium is the same as the

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ear-like extensions of the atrium is the

    <p>Auricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stenosis?

    <p>Narrowing or abnormal constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Diapedesis?

    <p>Movement of WBC through vessel wall into tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hemostasis?

    <p>Stoppage of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Intrinsic mean?

    <p>Belonging naturally to essential in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Intercalated disk?

    <p>Specialized connection between myocardium containing gap junctions and desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cardiac output?

    <p>The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in 1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stroke volume?

    <p>The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Ventricles stretch and become flabby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Erythrocyte and Leukocyte Production

    • Kidneys regulate erythrocyte production in the body.
    • Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs in Rh-positive children of Rh-negative mothers if the father is Rh-positive.
    • Platelets adhere to damaged blood vessels to assist in the sealing process.

    Blood Plasma and Composition

    • Blood plasma is approximately 90% water and plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure, mainly through the protein albumin.
    • Plasma proteins, including insulin and prolactin, are secreted primarily by the liver.
    • Plasma constitutes around 55% of total blood volume, with water making up 92% of plasma's composition.

    Hematology and Blood Cell Characteristics

    • All leukocytes are nucleated, but they vary in function and characteristics, such as having granules.
    • Polycythemia is characterized by increased blood volume, high pressure, and hematocrit, but not low viscosity.
    • Hemoglobin consists of four heme groups, each containing an iron atom.

    Cardiovascular System Structure and Function

    • The heart wall primarily consists of the myocardium, which is the contracting layer.
    • The left ventricle is thicker than the right because it pumps blood against higher resistance within systemic circulation.
    • The tricuspid valve closes during ventricular systole to prevent backflow into the atrium.

    Cardiac Conduction and Electrical Activity

    • The conduction system of the heart includes the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
    • Impaired connection between the SA and AV nodes can lead to slower ventricular beats, affecting cardiac output.
    • The P wave of an electrocardiogram indicates atrial depolarization; its presence and shape provide insights into the heart's electrical activity.

    Hemostasis and Vascular Health

    • Hemostasis refers to the process of stopping bleeding, crucial for maintaining vascular integrity.
    • Diapedesis is the movement of white blood cells through vessel walls into tissues, demonstrating immune responses.

    Clinical Conditions

    • Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulation compresses the heart, impairing contractions.
    • Sickle cell anemia results from a genetic defect in hemoglobin, affecting its function and the shape of red blood cells.

    Additional Terms

    • Stenosis refers to the narrowing or abnormal constriction of blood vessels.
    • Intrinsic characteristics refer to those that are naturally part of human physiology.
    • Cardiac output measures the volume of blood pumped from a ventricle in one minute, while stroke volume is the amount ejected per contraction.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of blood components, including erythrocyte and leukocyte production, blood plasma composition, and the characteristics of various blood cells. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the role of kidneys in erythrocyte production and the significance of plasma proteins. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of hematology!

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