Hematology Chapter Overview

Questions and Answers

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

Kidney (correct)

Liver

Pancreas

Brain

When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?

If the father is Rh- (correct)

If the child is Rh positive

If the father is Rh+

If the child is Type O +

Platelets ____

Are the precursors of leukocytes

Stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break (correct)

Have multiple nuclei

Have a lifespan of about 120 days

Which of the following is true about blood plasma?

It is about 90% water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of all leukocytes?

They are nucleated Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?

Fibrinolysis Signup and view all the answers

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ____

Monocytes Signup and view all the answers

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except

Low blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

The plasma protein that is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is ____

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16g/100mL blood; this is _____

Within the normal range Signup and view all the answers

Select the incorrect statement regarding blood cell formation

Platelets are formed from myeloblasts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements does not describe blood?

Blood carries body cells to injured areas for repair Signup and view all the answers

Megan has an infected puncture wound to her foot. What type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

Hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

The gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal Signup and view all the answers

Each heme ring in the hemoglobin encloses an atom of _____

Iron Signup and view all the answers

In adults, the only site of RBC production and the primary site of WBC formation is the

Red bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

A, B, and C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of basophils?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is found in plasma?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Plasma composes about ___ % of whole blood and water composes _% of the plasma volume?

55%; 92% Signup and view all the answers

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

4 iron molecules Signup and view all the answers

A moving blood clot is called a

Embolus Signup and view all the answers

A person whose platelet count is 40,000/mL is suffering from

Thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

The average lifespan of a RBC is

4 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements concerning RBCs is false?

They are about 18 mm in diameter Signup and view all the answers

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from a

Superficial vein Signup and view all the answers

During contraction of heart muscle cells ____

Some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores Signup and view all the answers

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ___

Have gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the heart valves

The AV valves are supported by chordae tendonaie so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur Signup and view all the answers

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by

Noticing the thickness of the ventricular walls Signup and view all the answers

The tricuspid valve is closed ____

When the ventricle is in systole Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

AV valve Signup and view all the answers

Foramen ovale _____

Connects the two atria in the fetal heart Signup and view all the answers

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ___

The heart rate would increase by about 25 beats/minute Signup and view all the answers

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ___

Decrease delivery of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ____

Pumps blood against a greater resistance Signup and view all the answers

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the

Coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

The term used for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is

Angina pectoris Signup and view all the answers

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ___

Cardiac tamponade Signup and view all the answers

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

Left atrium Signup and view all the answers

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ____

Atrial depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

Right atrium Signup and view all the answers

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

The ventricles will beat more slowly Signup and view all the answers

__ is to slow heart as is to fast heart rate

Bradycardia; tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Artery is to as vein is to _

Efferent; afferent Signup and view all the answers

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart: 1. Purkinje fibers, 2. AV bundle, 3. AV node, 4. SA node, 5. Bundle branches. The sequence in which excitation would move through the system is

4, 3, 2, 5, 1 Signup and view all the answers

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart: 1. Right atrium, 2. Left atrium, 3. Right ventricle, 4. Left ventricle, 5. Vena Cava, 6. Aorta, 7. Pulmonary trunk, 8. Pulmonary veins. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 Signup and view all the answers

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

Epicardium Signup and view all the answers

The ear-like extensions of the atrium is the

Auricle Signup and view all the answers

What is Stenosis?

Narrowing or abnormal constriction Signup and view all the answers

What is Diapedesis?

Movement of WBC through vessel wall into tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is Hemostasis?

Stoppage of bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What does Intrinsic mean?

Belonging naturally to essential in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is an Intercalated disk?

Specialized connection between myocardium containing gap junctions and desmosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is Cardiac output?

The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in 1 minute Signup and view all the answers

What is Stroke volume?

The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is Dilated cardiomyopathy?

Ventricles stretch and become flabby Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Erythrocyte and Leukocyte Production

Kidneys regulate erythrocyte production in the body.
Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs in Rh-positive children of Rh-negative mothers if the father is Rh-positive.
Platelets adhere to damaged blood vessels to assist in the sealing process.

Blood Plasma and Composition

Blood plasma is approximately 90% water and plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure, mainly through the protein albumin.
Plasma proteins, including insulin and prolactin, are secreted primarily by the liver.
Plasma constitutes around 55% of total blood volume, with water making up 92% of plasma's composition.

Hematology and Blood Cell Characteristics

All leukocytes are nucleated, but they vary in function and characteristics, such as having granules.
Polycythemia is characterized by increased blood volume, high pressure, and hematocrit, but not low viscosity.
Hemoglobin consists of four heme groups, each containing an iron atom.

Cardiovascular System Structure and Function

The heart wall primarily consists of the myocardium, which is the contracting layer.
The left ventricle is thicker than the right because it pumps blood against higher resistance within systemic circulation.
The tricuspid valve closes during ventricular systole to prevent backflow into the atrium.

Cardiac Conduction and Electrical Activity

The conduction system of the heart includes the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
Impaired connection between the SA and AV nodes can lead to slower ventricular beats, affecting cardiac output.
The P wave of an electrocardiogram indicates atrial depolarization; its presence and shape provide insights into the heart's electrical activity.

Hemostasis and Vascular Health

Hemostasis refers to the process of stopping bleeding, crucial for maintaining vascular integrity.
Diapedesis is the movement of white blood cells through vessel walls into tissues, demonstrating immune responses.

Clinical Conditions

Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulation compresses the heart, impairing contractions.
Sickle cell anemia results from a genetic defect in hemoglobin, affecting its function and the shape of red blood cells.

Additional Terms

Stenosis refers to the narrowing or abnormal constriction of blood vessels.
Intrinsic characteristics refer to those that are naturally part of human physiology.
Cardiac output measures the volume of blood pumped from a ventricle in one minute, while stroke volume is the amount ejected per contraction.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of blood components, including erythrocyte and leukocyte production, blood plasma composition, and the characteristics of various blood cells. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the role of kidneys in erythrocyte production and the significance of plasma proteins. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of hematology!