Heat Transfer: Conduction and Convection

Study Notes

Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
It is a measure of the kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Conduction: transfer of heat between objects in physical contact.
- Occurs in solids, where atoms vibrate and collide, transferring energy.
Convection: transfer of heat through the movement of fluids.
- Occurs in liquids and gases, where heated particles move away from the source, carrying energy with them.
Radiation: transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
- Occurs over long distances, without a medium (e.g., sunlight).

Heat Capacity: the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by 1°C.
- Specific heat capacity: the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
Latent Heat: the energy required to change the state of a substance (e.g., melting, boiling).
- Latent heat of fusion: energy required to change from solid to liquid.
- Latent heat of vaporization: energy required to change from liquid to gas.

Temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
- Measured in Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).
Thermometer: a device used to measure temperature.
- Types: digital, mercury, thermocouple.

Heating and Cooling Systems: used to control temperature in buildings, vehicles, and electronic devices.
Cooking and Food Preparation: heat is used to cook, bake, and preserve food.
Energy Generation: heat is used to generate electricity in power plants.

Heat is a form of energy transferred between objects due to a temperature difference.
It is a measure of the kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Conduction: occurs in solids, where atoms vibrate and collide, transferring energy between objects in physical contact.
Convection: occurs in liquids and gases, where heated particles move away from the source, carrying energy with them.
Radiation: occurs over long distances, without a medium, transferring energy through electromagnetic waves.

Heat Capacity: the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by 1°C.
Specific Heat Capacity: the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
Latent Heat: the energy required to change the state of a substance (e.g., melting, boiling).
Latent Heat of Fusion: the energy required to change from solid to liquid.
Latent Heat of Vaporization: the energy required to change from liquid to gas.

Temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
Thermometer: a device used to measure temperature.
Temperature Units: Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).

Heating and Cooling Systems: control temperature in buildings, vehicles, and electronic devices.
Cooking and Food Preparation: heat is used to cook, bake, and preserve food.
Energy Generation: heat is used to generate electricity in power plants.