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Questions and Answers
In a scenario where two objects of differing temperatures are placed in contact, which of the following best describes the process as it approaches thermal equilibrium?
In a scenario where two objects of differing temperatures are placed in contact, which of the following best describes the process as it approaches thermal equilibrium?
- Energy is transferred from the higher temperature object to the lower temperature object until both reach the same temperature. (correct)
- Heat is transferred equally between both objects until the hotter object reaches absolute zero.
- No energy transfer occurs; the objects simply reach an average temperature based on their initial temperatures.
- The cooler object transfers its 'coldness' to the hotter object until they reach the same level of 'coldness'.
Why do fluids (liquids and gases) primarily transfer heat through convection rather than conduction?
Why do fluids (liquids and gases) primarily transfer heat through convection rather than conduction?
- Fluids are too dense for conduction to occur effectively.
- Convection involves the physical movement of the fluid, allowing for more efficient heat transfer over distances. (correct)
- Conduction only occurs in solids, not in fluids.
- Fluids are unable to conduct heat due to their molecular structure.
A windowpane feels cooler to the touch than a carpet in the same room. Both are at the same temperature. Why is this?
A windowpane feels cooler to the touch than a carpet in the same room. Both are at the same temperature. Why is this?
- The carpet is a better conductor of heat than glass.
- The window conducts heat away from your hand faster than the carpet. (correct)
- The carpet reflects heat better than the window.
- The window is exposed to external temperature changes affecting peoples perception.
A scientist is designing a solar water heater. Which surface properties would be most effective for absorbing solar radiation?
A scientist is designing a solar water heater. Which surface properties would be most effective for absorbing solar radiation?
Why is the greenhouse effect essential for life on Earth?
Why is the greenhouse effect essential for life on Earth?
In a double-glazed window, what primary heat transfer mechanism is minimized by the air gap between the panes of glass?
In a double-glazed window, what primary heat transfer mechanism is minimized by the air gap between the panes of glass?
Which of the following scenarios relies primarily on convection for heat transfer?
Which of the following scenarios relies primarily on convection for heat transfer?
How does a vacuum flask minimize heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation?
How does a vacuum flask minimize heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation?
A black car's hood becomes hotter in the sun than a white car's hood. Which factor affecting the rate of emission of radiation explains this?
A black car's hood becomes hotter in the sun than a white car's hood. Which factor affecting the rate of emission of radiation explains this?
Why is Kelvin (K) the SI unit for temperature, particularly in scientific contexts?
Why is Kelvin (K) the SI unit for temperature, particularly in scientific contexts?
Flashcards
What is temperature?
What is temperature?
The measure of hotness or coldness of an object.
What is heat transfer?
What is heat transfer?
The transfer of energy from a hotter region to a cooler region until both have the same temperature.
What is thermal equilibrium?
What is thermal equilibrium?
A state where two or more objects have the same temperature, and there is no net energy transfer between them.
What is Kelvin (K)?
What is Kelvin (K)?
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Heat transfer processes?
Heat transfer processes?
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What is conduction?
What is conduction?
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What is convection?
What is convection?
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What is radiation?
What is radiation?
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What is the greenhouse effect?
What is the greenhouse effect?
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Dull/black surfaces do what?
Dull/black surfaces do what?
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Study Notes
- Temperature measures the hotness or coldness of an object.
- Energy transfers from a hotter to a cooler object until both reach thermal equilibrium.
- Thermal equilibrium is when two or more objects have the same temperature with no net energy transfer.
- Kelvin (K) is the SI unit for temperature.
- The three processes of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation.
- Conduction transfers heat energy without physical movement of the medium.
- Convection transfers heat energy through the physical movement of a medium; fluids mainly transfer heat this way.
- Radiation transfers energy from a hotter to a cooler body without needing a medium.
- The greenhouse effect warms Earth's surface, where greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide trap heat in the atmosphere.
- Dull and black surfaces emit and absorb infrared radiation faster than shiny and silver surfaces.
- Thermal energy transfer is applied in appliances:
- cooking utensils
- heat exchangers
- household hot water systems
- air conditioners
- vacuum flasks.
- Conduction is applied in double-glazed windows.
- Convection happens in sea and land breezes.
- The rate of radiation emission depends on:
- Surface color and texture
- Surface temperature
- Surface area
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