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Heart Structure and Function Quiz
32 Questions
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Heart Structure and Function Quiz

Created by
@BeneficentHonor6192

Questions and Answers

What is the function of the fluid that fills the pericardial sac?

to reduce friction between 2 layers during pumping

Location of the heart in the thorax?

mediastinum

What are the tricuspid and mitral valves also known as?

atrioventricular valves

What are the discharging chambers of the heart?

<p>ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the visceral pericardium?

<p>epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

<p>atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What layer is composed of cardiac muscle?

<p>myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides nutrient blood to the heart muscle?

<p>coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the heart chambers?

<p>endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What valves are known as semilunar valves?

<p>pulmonary and aortic valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drains blood into the right atrium?

<p>coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valves are anchored by the chordae tendineae?

<p>atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valves close when cusps fill with blood?

<p>semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pulmonary circuit?

<p>the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs (gas exchange)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the systemic circuit?

<p>the blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues (nutrient and waste exchange)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three vessels that deliver oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium.

<p>superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trace a drop of blood through the heart and lungs starting with the right atrium.

<p>Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you distinguish the structure of cardiac muscle from that of skeletal muscle?

<p>One is branched, one is not; one has communicating junctions, one has tight junctions; one has 1 nucleus, the other has multiple nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the unique anatomical features of cardiac muscle. What role does the unique structure play in its function?

<p>Heart is a fully functional syncytium because of intercalated discs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is syncytium?

<p>can pass from one cell to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the sheep heart dissection, what differences did you observe between the right and left ventricles?

<p>The left ventricle was firmer, thicker, and less compressible; the right ventricle felt 'flabby.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you measured thickness of ventricular walls, was the right or left ventricle thicker?

<p>the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the structural differences between the left and right ventricles reflect their functions?

<p>The left ventricle pumps blood through the high-resistance systemic circulation; therefore, it has to be stronger than the right ventricle, which pumps blood through the short low-resistance pulmonary circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the?

<p>ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitral and tricuspid valves prevent backflow into the?

<p>atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the operation of the semilunar valves differs from that of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

<p>When the ventricle is compressed (as in systole), the AV valve flaps move superiorly into the closed position. When water is poured (as when blood backflows) into the semilunar valves, the cusps fill and close the valve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast the structure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

<p>Both have thin flaps secured to papillary muscles by chordae tendineae. = True The right valve has three cusps; the left valve has two. = True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why a heart attack caused by an obstruction of the left anterior descending artery is sometimes referred to as the 'widow maker' heart attack.

<p>Because this is the most common cause of heart attack in men (inclusion of LAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a proximal LAD lesion?

<p>brachiocephalic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the left common carotid artery?

<p>left common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the left subclavian artery?

<p>left subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery?

<p>left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Structure and Function

  • Pericardial Sac: Contains fluid that reduces friction between heart layers during pumping.
  • Heart Location: Positioned in the mediastinum of the thorax.
  • Chambers of the Heart:
    • Atria: Receiving chambers that gather blood.
    • Ventricles: Discharging chambers that pump blood to the body and lungs.

Heart Valves

  • Types of Valves:
    • Atrioventricular Valves: Include tricuspid and mitral valves, anchored by chordae tendineae.
    • Semilunar Valves: Include pulmonary and aortic valves, close when cusps fill with blood.

Blood Circulation

  • Coronary Arteries: Supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
  • Coronary Sinus: Drains deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.
  • Pulmonary Circuit: Carries blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange.
  • Systemic Circuit: Transports blood to and from body tissues for nutrient and waste exchange.

Anatomical Features of the Heart

  • Visceral Pericardium: Also known as the epicardium, is the outer layer of the heart.
  • Myocardium: The thick layer composed of cardiac muscle responsible for heart contractions.
  • Endocardium: The lining of heart chambers that promotes smooth blood flow.

Cardiac Muscle Structure

  • Distinct Features: Cardiac muscle possesses branching structures and intercalated discs, allowing for coordinated contractions.
  • Syncytium: Cardiac muscle cells function as a single unit due to intercellular connections.

Ventricular Differences

  • Left vs. Right Ventricle:
    • Left ventricle is thicker and firmer, designed to pump blood through the high-resistance systemic circulation.
    • Right ventricle is thinner and flabbier, pumps blood through the lower-resistance pulmonary circuit.

Valve Functionality

  • Semilunar Valves: Prevent backflow into the ventricles during diastole.
  • Atrioventricular Valves: Prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract.

Heart Attack Implications

  • LAD Lesions: Blockage in the left anterior descending artery can lead to severe heart attacks, commonly named "widow maker" due to high mortality rates associated with such events.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the heart. This quiz covers the pericardial sac, the chambers and valves of the heart, and the pathways of blood circulation. Perfect for students studying the cardiovascular system!

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