18 Questions
What is the function of the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine on heart rate?
Increase heart rate
What is the main function of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine on heart rate?
Decrease heart rate
What is the direction of blood flow through vessels due to hydrostatic pressure?
From high pressure to low pressure
What is the primary adaptation that allows giraffes to pump blood to their brains against gravity?
Increased blood pressure
What is the term for the slowing of blood flow through vessels to allow for greater exchange over a greater surface area?
Slowing
What is the function of the smooth muscle layer in arterioles?
To regulate vessel diameter
What is the function of the SA node in the heart?
To coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscle cells
What is the main difference between the circulatory systems of mammals and birds compared to amphibians and reptiles?
Separation of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood
What is the function of the AV node in the heart?
To electrically connect the atria and ventricles
Which type of circulatory system is present in fish?
Pulmocutaneous circuit
What is the role of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
To rapidly conduct electrical signals to the ventricles
What is the benefit of a four-chambered heart in mammals and birds?
Enhanced oxygen delivery to the body
What is the main function of the heart in the circulatory system?
To elevate hydrostatic pressure of circulatory fluid
In an open circulatory system, what is the fluid that directly surrounds organs?
Hemolymph
What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
To facilitate exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
What is the term for blood vessels that carry blood from capillaries to the heart?
Veins
What is the fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod?
Hemolymph
What is the main difference between open and closed circulatory systems?
Whether the fluid directly surrounds organs or not
Test your knowledge on the regulation of heart rate by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, and the key factors affecting blood pressure. Learn about the roles of neurotransmitters and hormones, and how they impact cardiac function.
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