Cardiovascular System Quiz - Anatomy and Physiology

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased sympathetic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroke volume is a component of cardiac output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chordae tendineae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pumps oxygenated blood to the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interatrial septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericardial cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tricuspid valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autorhythmic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delivering oxygenated blood to the heart muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caused by a prolonged influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inferior vena cava (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pectinate muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autorhythmicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased physical activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood flow in the atria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rate generally decreases with age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent major changes in blood supply to the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isovolumetric relaxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dicrotic notch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End systolic volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ventricular depolarization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure in the aorta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strength of ventricular contraction is directly related to the degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure the ventricles must overcome to eject blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delays the impulse to allow complete atrial contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The opening of Na+ channels allowing Na+ influx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow influx of Ca2+ ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inactivation of Na+ channels and opening of K+ channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the generation of a new action potential during a previous one (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the influx of Ca2+ ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the phase where the cell is contracting due to the influx of Ca2+ ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plateau phase would be prolonged (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absolute refractory period requires a stronger stimulus to generate a new action potential, while the relative refractory period does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process that amplifies signals, leading to rapid opening of Na+ channels.

The electrical charge difference across a cell membrane.

Movement of calcium ions into the cell, crucial for depolarization.

A steady state during cardiac muscle contraction when the membrane remains depolarized.

The process when the cell membrane returns to its resting potential after depolarization.

The movement of potassium ions out of the cell, restoring the resting potential.

The process where ion channels close and stop allowing ions to flow.

The time during which a new action potential cannot be initiated due to inactivation of Na+ channels.

The heart's primary pacemaker that generates electrical impulses.

Delays the electrical impulse to allow the atria to fully contract before ventricles.

An ECG representation of ventricular depolarization.

All events associated with blood flow through the heart including contraction and relaxation.

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle contracts.

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart fills with blood.

The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle with each heartbeat.

The total amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.

The degree to which cardiac muscle fibers are stretched before contraction.

The principle that the stroke volume increases with increased preload.

A double-walled sac around the heart made of fibrous connective tissue and serous membrane.

The outer layer of the heart, also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

The middle layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle tissue that contracts to pump blood.

The innermost layer of the heart, lining the chambers and valves.

The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins.

The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the lungs and body.

Valves that regulate blood flow between atria and ventricles; includes the tricuspid and bicuspid valves.

Valves that control blood flow from the ventricles to the arteries; includes pulmonary and aortic valves.

The flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart muscle itself.

Striated, branched muscle tissue that makes up the heart and is involuntary.

The ability of the heart muscle to generate its own rhythm without external stimuli.

Cells that initiate electrical impulses to regulate heartbeats.

An electrical signal that travels along cardiac cells, leading to contraction.

Structures that connect cardiac muscle cells, allowing communication and synchronized contraction.

A sympathetic reflex triggered by increased blood volume in the atria, enhancing heart rate and cardiac output.

A reflex that prevents major blood supply changes to the brain, mediated by carotid sinus baroreceptors.

The influence of hormones like epinephrine and thyroxine that increase heart rate and support ion balance.

An abnormally fast heart rate over 100 beats/min, which can lead to serious heart issues.

A condition caused by various heart and blood vessel issues, leading to inadequate blood circulation.

The ability of the heart muscle to contract with strength, independent of muscle stretch.

Includes increased sympathetic stimuli, certain hormones, calcium ions, and some drugs.

Includes acidosis, high extracellular potassium, and calcium channel blockers.

Part of the autonomic nervous system that increases heart rate during stress or exercise.

Part of the autonomic nervous system that slows down the heart rate, promoting relaxation.

The sympathetic center that stimulates the heart to increase heart rate.

The parasympathetic center that inhibits the heart's activity, reducing heart rate.

Heart rate is influenced by autonomic signals from both SNS and PNS, balancing heart activity.