Heart Anatomy and Septal Defects

The wall that separates the left and right atria of the heart.

A small, oval depression in the interatrial septum, a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.

A condition where the foramen ovale fails to close after birth, allowing blood to flow between the atria.

A triangular region in the interatrial septum where the atrioventricular (AV) node is located.

The wall that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart.

A part of the interventricular septum that contains no heart muscle tissue.

A part of the interventricular septum made of thick, strong heart muscle.

A condition where there is a hole in the interventricular septum, allowing blood to flow abnormally between the ventricles.

A group of specialized cardiac muscle cells that conduct electrical impulses throughout the heart, coordinating its contractions.

A small, crescent-shaped mass of cardiac muscle cells located in the right atrium's wall, near the superior vena cava. It initiates heart contractions.

Fibers that conduct impulses from the SA node throughout the atria, triggering their contraction.

A small group of cells located at the junction of the atria and ventricles, receiving impulses from the SA node.

Divides into left and right bundle branches, carrying the electrical signal to the ventricular walls.

Branching fibers that distribute the electrical signal to the left and right ventricles, leading to their contraction.

Terminal fibers of the conduction system that spread the signal to the ventricular muscle cells, triggering their contraction.

The network of Purkinje fibers that branch out into the inner layer of the ventricular walls, connecting with the heart muscle.

The space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium, filled with lubricating fluid to reduce friction between the heart and the pericardial sac.

A reflection point between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium, creating two distinct spaces in the heart.

The space in the pericardial cavity, located behind the aorta and pulmonary artery, the superior vena cava, and the anterior wall of the left atrium.

A space in the pericardial cavity behind the left atrium, the left and right pulmonary veins, the inferior vena cava and the posterior wall of the pericardium.

The double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart, playing a crucial role in protecting and lubricating it.

The largest vein that collects blood from the heart and delivers it to the right atrium. It's located in the posterior part of the coronary groove.

A vein running along the heart's inferior margin, draining into the coronary sinus.

A vein located in the anterior interventricular groove, draining into the coronary sinus.

A vein located in the posterior interventricular groove, draining into the coronary sinus.

Small veins on the right ventricle's anterior surface, typically draining into the right atrium or the small cardiac vein.

Minute vessels beginning in capillary beds of the myocardium, connecting directly to the heart chambers. They may carry blood from the heart chambers to the myocardium and provide collateral circulation.

A protective sac surrounding the heart, composed of fibrous pericardium (outer) and serous pericardium (inner).

The outer layer of the pericardium, composed of dense connective tissue. It anchors the heart and prevents overfilling.

The heart's blood supply, delivered by the right and left coronary arteries, provides nourishment to the heart walls.

The anterior interventricular artery, which descends towards the heart's apex, and the circumflex artery, which encircles the heart posteriorly.

The anterior interventricular artery supplies the interventricular septum and the anterior walls of both ventricles.

The circumflex artery supplies the left atrium and the posterior part of the left ventricle.

It emerges from the right side of the aorta and descends on the anterior wall of the heart, between the right atrium and right ventricle. It supplies the right atrium and almost all of the right ventricle.

The dominance refers to which artery, either the right or left coronary artery, supplies the posterior interventricular artery.

The coronary sinus, situated in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus, collects venous blood from the heart and returns it to the right atrium.

The heart veins include the coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins, and the smallest cardiac veins, which carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.