Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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What is the primary cause of venous disorders like varicose veins?

Damage to vein valves leading to backflow of blood (correct)

Weakness in vein walls due to standing for long periods

Thrombophlebitis and trauma to the veins

Irregular dilation and twisting of the veins

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of an aortic aneurysm?

Aortic aneurysms are usually asymptomatic until very large or rupture

Rupture of an aortic aneurysm typically causes slight bleeding (correct)

Hypertension is present in half the patients diagnosed with aortic aneurysms

Abdominal aneurysms may be palpated

What is the primary cause of dissecting aneurysms?

Weakening of the artery wall due to syphilis

Trauma from a motor vehicle accident

Atheroma formation in the artery wall

Defect in the medial layer of the artery due to turbulent blood flow (correct)

What is the primary diagnostic test used to identify aortic aneurysms?

Doppler studies (ultrasonography) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common treatment for varicose veins?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is primarily caused by a decrease in circulating blood volume?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of prolonged shock?

Multiple organ failure and death Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cardiogenic shock?

Weakening of the heart's contractile force Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of obstructive shock?

Interference with blood flow through the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

Endotoxin release from bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific defect that leads to right ventricular hypertrophy in Tetralogy of Fallot?

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of hypertension is considered a true emergency due to extremely high blood pressure levels?

Malignant hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the key sign of hypertension that is often called the 'silent killer'?

Consistently elevated blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which population group has a higher prevalence of hypertension and earlier onset according to the text?

African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue caused by pulmonary valve stenosis in Tetralogy of Fallot?

Right-to-left shunt of blood through VSD Signup and view all the answers

What surgical procedure is mentioned as an option for patients with aortic valve stenosis that involves smaller incisions instead of 'cracking the chest'?

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common congenital heart defect known as?

Ventricular Septal Defect Signup and view all the answers

In Ventricular Septal Defect, what happens when there are large openings in the interventricular septum?

Reduced cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What can untreated Ventricular Septal Defect lead to?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue with valvular incompetence?

Reduced stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mitral valve prolapse on heart efficiency?

Reduces cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is narrowing of the aortic valve?

Aortic stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What causes pulmonary hypertension in Ventricular Septal Defect?

'Left to right' blood shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for Ventricular Septal Defect?

'Medication and surgery' Signup and view all the answers

'Mitral valve prolapse' is characterized by which of the following features?

'Balloon backward' of valve leaflets Signup and view all the answers

'Valvular defects' frequently result in which of the following?

'Valve narrowing' Signup and view all the answers

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of venous disorders like varicose veins?

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of an aortic aneurysm?

What is the primary cause of dissecting aneurysms?

What is the primary diagnostic test used to identify aortic aneurysms?

What is the most common treatment for varicose veins?

Which type of shock is primarily caused by a decrease in circulating blood volume?

What is the primary complication of prolonged shock?

What is the primary cause of cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary cause of obstructive shock?

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

What is the specific defect that leads to right ventricular hypertrophy in Tetralogy of Fallot?

Which category of hypertension is considered a true emergency due to extremely high blood pressure levels?

What is the key sign of hypertension that is often called the 'silent killer'?

Which population group has a higher prevalence of hypertension and earlier onset according to the text?

What is the main issue caused by pulmonary valve stenosis in Tetralogy of Fallot?

What surgical procedure is mentioned as an option for patients with aortic valve stenosis that involves smaller incisions instead of 'cracking the chest'?

What is the most common congenital heart defect known as?

In Ventricular Septal Defect, what happens when there are large openings in the interventricular septum?

What can untreated Ventricular Septal Defect lead to?

What is the main issue with valvular incompetence?

What is the effect of mitral valve prolapse on heart efficiency?

What happens when there is narrowing of the aortic valve?

What causes pulmonary hypertension in Ventricular Septal Defect?

What is the main treatment for Ventricular Septal Defect?

'Mitral valve prolapse' is characterized by which of the following features?

'Valvular defects' frequently result in which of the following?

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